Charles and the Short and Long Parliaments
All notes for Charles and the Short and Long Parliament during his reign
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?- Created by: Zoe
- Created on: 10-05-13 19:25
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- Short and Long Parliament 1640-42
- Short Parliament 1640
- Led by Pym
- Commons demanded that grievances were resolved before they granted voted on money
- Laud stirred up anger in Parliament by issuing canons declaring divine right
- Charles simply dismissed Parliament rather than argue with them
- Second Bishops War 1640
- After Short Parliament has dissolved
- Charles confiscated coinage in Tower of London and held £30,000 as a loan
- Angered London Merchants and lost even more integrity in London
- Seen as Charles's desperate measure
- Scots capture Newcastle upon Tyme
- Cut London's vital coal supply
- Treaty of Ripon 1640
- Utter humiliation for Charles
- Scots secure £850 to stay in Newcastle
- Charles could not afford to continue to pay Scots and so was forced to call Parliament for a second time
- Election of Long Parliament
- Forming of the Anti-Court Consensus
- Most votes of any election ever in history
- Country Gentry went to Parliament united with clear attitudes
- Stop Church converting to Catholicism
- Reverse Laudian changes
- Punish King's evil advisers
- Windibank, Portland, Laud and Strafford
- Restore rights of subjects and king
- Currently it was semi-absolutist
- Eliminate financial innovations
- Forest fines
- Ship Money
- Remove Court of Wards
- Eliminate Star Chamber
- Stop Church converting to Catholicism
- King was in a weak position
- There was worry that this was the last hope to stopping a catholic, absolutist stane occuring
- Fear of Strafford
- Aim of MP's
- Restore old constitution
- Stop Catholic absolutism
- Election of Long Parliament
- Election of Long Parliament
- Forming of the Anti-Court Consensus
- Most votes of any election ever in history
- Country Gentry went to Parliament united with clear attitudes
- Stop Church converting to Catholicism
- Reverse Laudian changes
- Punish King's evil advisers
- Windibank, Portland, Laud and Strafford
- Restore rights of subjects and king
- Currently it was semi-absolutist
- Eliminate financial innovations
- Forest fines
- Ship Money
- Remove Court of Wards
- Eliminate Star Chamber
- Stop Church converting to Catholicism
- King was in a weak position
- There was worry that this was the last hope to stopping a catholic, absolutist stane occuring
- Fear of Strafford
- Aim of MP's
- Restore old constitution
- Stop Catholic absolutism
- First session of Long Parliament
- Strafford
- 1633 went to Ireland as Lord Deputy
- Created obedience which had never been done before
- Hated in Ireland
- Feared in England
- Irish Parliament reduced to voting taxes to support Strafford
- Church remodeled on Laudian lines
- Created obedience which had never been done before
- Impeached 1640
- Charged for attempting to bring Irish army to England
- His advice to Charles rebounded
- Charged for attempting to bring Irish army to England
- Execution 1641
- Act of Attainder used against him
- This meant that less evidence was needed to try him
- London Mob put Pressure on Commons to pass the Act
- Passed under the impression that Charles would refuse to sign the Act
- He did due to fear of uprising
- Act of Attainder used against him
- 1633 went to Ireland as Lord Deputy
- Acts Passed
- Ship Money illegal
- Forest boundaries changed to time of James's reign
- Distrait of knighthood illegal
- Court of Ward abolished
- Triennial Act 1641
- Declared Parliament must be called every 3 years
- Another Act claimed that present Parliament dismissed on its own terms
- Took away royal prerogative
- Charles agreed
- Agonized over Strafford
- London Mob caused pressure
- Saw Acts as temporary concessions
- Declared Parliament must be called every 3 years
- Ten Propositions 1641
- Parliament could chose the Kings ministers
- Took away royal prerogative
- Why did Commons accept?
- Pym presented them as defending laws already passed
- Until Grand Remonstrance, members didn't understand Pym's position
- Collapse of "moderate" Bedford made them seem as reasonable demand
- Problem was "glossed over" by King as he went to visit Scotland
- Parliament could chose the Kings ministers
- Root and Branch Petition
- Abolition of bishops
- Most wanted moderate Bishops, not to remove them
- Pym gave isssue to committee as this would avoid a division in Commons
- Strafford
- Second Session
- Pym targets Henrietta Maria
- Believed there was a Catholic conspiracy
- Support for Charles "Constitutional Royalists"
- Edward Hyde
- Concern puritans would destroy the church
- Worried Pym would lead to constitutional change
- In order for constitution to work the King must be trusted
- Grand Remonstrance
- This broke apart the Anti-Court Consensus
- Seen as propaganda
- Reminded people of Charles's actions
- Asserted that there was a Catholic Conspiracy
- Justified Pym's revolutionary demands (Ten Propositions)
- Consequences
- Many were disturbed by Pym's use of London Mob to pressurize people
- When printed and published, conservatives were horrified - it included everyday people in politics
- Pym was undermining social and political order
- MP's disturbed by the public disorder as a result
- Irish Rebellion 1641
- Rebelled against Ulster Presbyterians - 4,000 killed
- Claimed to be acting in Charles's name
- Army was needed to stop them but Charles could not be trusted
- Strengthened belief in Catholic conspiracy
- Five members coup
- Ordered impeachment of Pym, Mandville, Strode, Haselrige and Holles
- Thought to be plotting against Henrietta
- 1642 entered commons to arrest them - breach of privilege
- Made civil war more likley
- Many MP's went back to Pym
- King's departure from London, separated sides
- Ordered impeachment of Pym, Mandville, Strode, Haselrige and Holles
- Pym targets Henrietta Maria
- 1641 Scotland Treaty
- Scottish royalists tried to capture covenant-er leaders
- Ruined any chance of agreements
- Short Parliament 1640
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