Risk factors in the development of addiction
- Created by: Byrney27
- Created on: 16-10-20 13:14
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- Risk factors in developing addiction
- Genetic vulnerability
- Dopamine
- Some people have low dopamine receptor levels and since addictive substances release dopamine, they will use more and become tolerant faster
- Enzymes
- Some people lack fully functioning enzymes. CYP2A6 metabolises nicotine and those without fully functioning enzymes are less likely to smoke regularly/ vice versa
- Research - Kendler et al (2012)
- 18,115 adoptees. Looked at those who had parents with addictions and were addicts themselves
- Yes addict parents = 8.6%. No addict parents = 4.2% therefore slightly more inclined to become an addict if your parents are
- Strengths - sample size, longitudinal study (1950-1993). Limitations - 100% of children from addicted parents didn't develop addictions
- Yes addict parents = 8.6%. No addict parents = 4.2% therefore slightly more inclined to become an addict if your parents are
- 18,115 adoptees. Looked at those who had parents with addictions and were addicts themselves
- Dopamine
- Stress/ trauma
- Post traumatic growth, treatment/ social support or PTSD,
addiction as coping mechanism. 2/10 veterans with PTSD are addicts. 1/3 – 1/2
of women with addiction experienced ****/ sexual assault. Addiction caused by
chronic stress too.
- Vulnerability only, Protective, risky, other risk factors, applications (prevention rather than cure)
- Post traumatic growth, treatment/ social support or PTSD,
addiction as coping mechanism. 2/10 veterans with PTSD are addicts. 1/3 – 1/2
of women with addiction experienced ****/ sexual assault. Addiction caused by
chronic stress too.
- Family influences
- Parents smoke
- Perceived approval, positive attitudes implied, exposure, normalised, role models
- AO3 - may differ on age/ familial relationship, mostly focuses on role of parents
- Livingston et al (2002) found that parents who allow children to drink at home in their final year are more likely to drink excessively the next year at collegs
- Implied parental approval, implied lack of consequence
- AO3 - may differ on age/ familial relationship, mostly focuses on role of parents
- Perceived approval, positive attitudes implied, exposure, normalised, role models
- Not allowed alcohol at home
- Implied parental approval
- Livingston et al (2002) found that parents who allow children to drink at home in their final year are more likely to drink excessively the next year at collegs
- Implied parental approval
- Few boundaries
- Implied parental approval, implied lack of consequence
- Parents smoke
- Peer influences
- At adolescence, pre-programmed to gravitate towards peers/ away from parents
- AO3 - may differ on age, direction of causation, excessive emphasis, difficult to separate peer/ family influence, other factors
- Rule breaking/ risk taking becomes norm, promote positive attitudes to smoking/ drinking, exposure/ opportunity, NSI, overestimate
- At adolescence, pre-programmed to gravitate towards peers/ away from parents
- Personality
- Sensation seeking - tendency to seek out new experiences
- AO3. Strengths - APD, key words, applications. Limitations - no such thing as addictive personality, other factors, predispotion only, can reduce risk, direction of causation
- Impulsivity - acting without considering consequence. Poor self-control
- Compulsivity - tendency to continue performing behaviour even with negative consequence
- AO3. Strengths - APD, key words, applications. Limitations - no such thing as addictive personality, other factors, predispotion only, can reduce risk, direction of causation
- Impulsivity - acting without considering consequence. Poor self-control
- Compulsivity - tendency to continue performing behaviour even with negative consequence
- Sensation seeking - tendency to seek out new experiences
- Genetic vulnerability
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