Religion and Morality
- Created by: Samio
- Created on: 12-01-16 14:50
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- Religion and Morality
- Natural Law
- Developed by Thomas Aquinas
- Claims that God set out a series of fixed moral principles
- 5 Primary Precepts: Be educated, worship god, live in an ordered society, use sex for reproduction only, preserve life.
- Any action that goes against the precepts is immoral
- Conscience
- Our internal voice of moral judgement
- Bonhoeffer said that conscience was a 'god-given voice'
- Freud believed it was a result of our socialisation, not a higher power
- John Henry Newman: 'If we feel responsibility....there is One to whom we are responsible'
- Kantian Ethics
- Reason and good will: Duty for duty's sake
- 3 Categorical principles: Universalisability, ends/means, universal kingdom of ends
- Man is morally autonomous but God is the ultimate judge
- We all share the ability to reason
- Situation Ethics
- Teleological approach, no fixed rules
- Based on the principle of agape
- Proposed by Joseph Fletcher
- Actions hare instrumental worth, so duty to God is not required
- Scriptural Ethics
- Morality is taken directly from religious scriptures
- No room for individualism/moral autonomy
- Criticised because scriptures are often ambiguous/contradictory
- Divine Command Theory
- Takes God to be the source of all ethics
- Strong theonomic deontological perspective
- Popularised in the Middle Ages by thinkers such as Aquinas
- William of Ockham argued that anything can be moral if God commands it
- Makes morality arbitrary - Euthyphro dilemma
- Natural Law
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