Reasons for the fall of China 1949

Created by: Jazzleberry01
Created on: 12-11-17 13:07

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Reasons for the Fall of China to Communism 1949
- Communist
  - Mao Zedong- CCP Chinese Communist Party
    - Mao's Leadership
      - Communist
        Mao Zedong- CCP Chinese Communist Party
        Mao's Leadership
        More flexible than Jiang adjusting land reform policies to maximize support
        
        Played more effectively on Chinese nationalism
        
        Seemed more democratic willing to participate in coalitions and listen to people
        
        Communist appeal to the Peasantry
        Mao came from peasant stock and wooed peasants in a way that middle class Jiang
        
        Richer peasants constituted 10% of population but owned 70% of the land which forced poorer peasants to give between 50 & 80% of crops as rent and were in chronic debt
        Emphasis on equal distribution of wealth was great appeal for peasants
        
        Crucial battle of Xuzhou 1949 CCP aided by 2 million peasants
        
        Communist Military performance
        Eight Rules of Conduct- better relations between peasantry and soldiers
        
        Better at mobilizing whole population- those unable to fight sent to hand out propaganda
        
        Relied on Guerrilla strategy losing fewer men than GMD
        Used effective strategy of withdrawal- enticing enemy into over extenction of its forces in hasty and ill judged pursuit 1946
      - More flexible than Jiang adjusting land reform policies to maximize support
      - Played more effectively on Chinese nationalism
      - Seemed more democratic willing to participate in coalitions and listen to people
  - Communist appeal to the Peasantry
    - Mao came from peasant stock and wooed peasants in a way that middle class Jiang
    - Richer peasants constituted 10% of population but owned 70% of the land which forced poorer peasants to give between 50 & 80% of crops as rent and were in chronic debt
      - Emphasis on equal distribution of wealth was great appeal for peasants
    - Crucial battle of Xuzhou 1949 CCP aided by 2 million peasants
  - Communist Military performance
    - Eight Rules of Conduct- better relations between peasantry and soldiers
    - Better at mobilizing whole population- those unable to fight sent to hand out propaganda
    - Relied on Guerrilla strategy losing fewer men than GMD
      - Used effective strategy of withdrawal- enticing enemy into over extenction of its forces in hasty and ill judged pursuit 1946
- Nationalist
  - Jiang Jieshi- GMD Guomindang
    - US gave aid- 2 months after Japanese surrender gave $450 million
    - Jiang's loss of the middle class
      - They employed many of the corrupt bureaucrats who had served previous unpopular regimes
      - GMD secret police repressive
      - Unsuccessful economic policies
      - Went back on promises
      - Refused to cooperate with CCP
    - Jiang's army
      - After years of war- lost hundreds of thousands of men to death and desertion
        Desertion rate often ran at 70%
      - Riddled with corruption- provoking rebellion in Taiwan in 1947
        Officers sold food on black market and left ordinary soldiers unfed
        Rice bags usually filled with sand
      - Conscription policies hit peasantry hard and convinced them to switch allegiance to CCP
      - Moral was low by final stages of war 1949- Generals surrendered Beijing to CCP without fight
    - Jiang's Strategy and Generals
      - Made crucial and strategic errors
        1946 sent too many troops into battle in Manchuria without gaining control in northern and central china which lay between Manchuria and GMD held southern China
      - He refused to listen to his Generals warnings about such danger
      - Was deeply suspicious of generals who were to successful but insufficiently suspicious of Communist spies in his camp
        Assistant Chief of Staff, General Liu Fei, ensured communists knew all forthcoming GMD military movements
- Japanese Invasion
  - Japanese cost Jiang many of his best troops and much of his money
  - Allowed Mao and CCP to establish more fully in the countryside
  - Damaged Jiang's reputation as a leader who could defend China
  - Jiang's refusal to work with CCP put China in mortal danger and made him look less patriotic than Mao

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Reasons for the fall of China 1949

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