Psychology pe

Created by: LeahRandall
Created on: 04-07-20 19:58

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SKILL ACQUISITION
- Characteristics of skill
  - ACE-FACE+LG
- Transfer of learning
  - Negative = when one skill impedes the learning of another
  - Positive = when one skills enhances the learning of another skill
  - Bilateral = skill is learned on one side of the body and the other side
  - Zero = no transfer at all
- Skill continua
  - Open-closed
  - Gross-Fine
  - High-low organised
  - Simple-complex
  - self-externally paced
  - Discrete-serial-continious
- Practice
  - Methods of practice
    - Whole
      - Practicing a skill in its entirety
      - Strength
        Stored motor programme
        
        Realistic method = positive transfer
        
        consistancy
        
        Saves time
      - Limitation
        Demotivating
        
        Demand + pressure on performer
        
        Difficult to break down weakness
        
        Not appropriate for dangerous skills
    - Progressive part
      - Practice first part + gradually add other parts to sequence
      - Limitation
        Motivated = success
        
        Focus on specific aspects
        
        Understand skill
      - Strength
        Time consuming
        
        Link with subroutines
        
        Negative transer
    - Whole part whole
      - Limitation
        Confusing
        
        Time consuming
        
        Negative transfer if sub routines aren't good
      - Strength
        Errors corrected + integrated successfully
        
        Motivation
        
        Fluent
      - Practice each individual part of the skill + then whole adding to sequence
  - Types of practice
    - Massed
      - Continuous with no rest
      - Strength
        Good motor programme
        
        Improve fitness
        
        Skills = automatic
      - Limitation
        Fatigue + boredom
        
        Negative transfer
        
        Highly demanding
    - Distributed
      - Rest intervals
      - Strength
        Mental rehearsal + feedback
        
        Recovery
        
        Controlled progress
      - Limitation
        Negative transfer
        
        Time consuming
    - Variable
      - Enables players to adapt to changes
      - Strength
        Builds schema
        
        Sub routines flow
      - Limitation
        Fatugue
        
        Pressure
        
        Negative transfer
    - Mental
      - Go through performance in your mind
      - Limitation
        May not be used properly
      - Strength
        Improve reaction time
        
        Confiedent
        
        Improve reaction time
- Theories of Learning
  - Plateau
    - Causes ?
    - Solutions ?
  - Stages
    - Associative
    - Cognitive
    - Autonomous
  - Cognitive theory
    - Insight learning = Gestalt
  - Behaviourism
    - Operant condidtioning= Skinner
  - SLT
    - Observationallearning = Bandura
  - Constructivism
    - Social development theory - Vygotsky
- Guidance and feedback
  - Feedback
    - Extrinsic
      - Positive
        Negative
        KOP
        KOR
        intrinsic
  - Guidance
    - Verbal
      - Visual
        Mechanical
        Manual
- Memory model
  - Environment.Display. Sensory organs. Perceptual mechanism. Translatory mechanism. Effector mechanism. Muscular system output data. Feedback data.
  - Baddeley + Hitch, Working Memory
    - Central executive
      - Episodic buffer
        LTM
        
        Phonological loop
        
        Visuospatial sketchpad
  - Anticipation
    - Spatial A = what going to happen
    - Temporal A = when something happens
  - Whiting information processing model
    - 2. Receptor System
    - 1. Input
    - 3. Perceptual mechanism (DCR)
    - 4. Translatory mechanism
    - 5. Effector Mechanism
    - 6. Output
    - 7. Feedback
  - General information processing
    - 3. Decision making (DCR) (STIM/LTM)
    - 2. Senses = see, hear, touch, balance + kinaesthesia (proprioceptors)
    - 4. Selective attention = filter relevant from irrelevant info
    - 1. Input
    - 5. Translatory mechanism (motor programme)
    - 6. Output = Effector mechanism + feedback
  - Reaction time = time taken from onset of stimulus to onset of response
    - Response time = time taken from onset of stimulus to completion of task
      - Improving = Fitness/ Anticipation / mental practice / specific stimulus / concentration
      - Hicks Law
        Single channel Hypothesis
        Psychologcalrefactory period
    - Movement time = Time taken to complete physical task
      - Simple reaction
        Choice reaction
  - Schmidts Schema theory 1982
    - Recognition schema
      - Sensory consequence= internal senses to guide movement
      - Response outcome = Knowledge of results to guide movement
    - Recall schema
      - Knowledge of response specification = info from display used to assess option judgement
      - Knowledge of initial conditions = senses identify important info

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