Chemistry C1 Particles- Topic Summary
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?- Created by: Caitlin1602
- Created on: 09-02-18 23:21
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- Chemistry- C1 ~ The Particle Model
- Chemical & Physical Changes
- Physical changes are reversible & no new substances are made
- Chemical changes are often difficult to reverse and new substances are made
- E.g. Methane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
- Developing The Atomic Model
- 1803- Dalton's solid atom, electron discovered
- 1897- Thomson's plum-pudding model, nucleus discovered. Sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded
- 1909- Rutherford's planetary model, mathematical models
- 1913- Bohr's energy levels model; proton, then neutron discovered
- Protons & neutrons make up the nucleus. Surrounded by electrons in their outer shells
- The nucleus is much smaller than the atom & has most of the atom's mass
- Atomic Structure
- 2 oxygen atoms joined together = oxygen molecule
- Bond length & atomic radius in order of 10^-10m (0.1nm)
- Ions- Atoms or groups of atoms that have lost or gained electrons
- Isotopes are atoms of an element with same number of protons & electrons and different numbers of neutrons
- Chemical symbol- top is mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons. Middle is chemical symbol & bottom is atomic number = number of protons
- The Particle Model
- Particles represented as hard spheres, properties of a substance depend on its state
- Solids; Very close together, regular arrangement, vibrate around fixed positions
- Liquids; close together, random arrangement, move around each other
- Gas; far apart, random arrangement, move quickly in all directions
- Particles are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction (bonds)
- Limitations; Doesn't take into account- size of particles, space or force between particles
- Chemical & Physical Changes
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