pe alevel skill quisition (not all of it)
- Created by: broomeyy
- Created on: 19-02-21 17:00
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- SKILL AQUISITION
- learning theories
- operant conditioning involves the bonding of a response to a particular stimulus - often achieved via reinforcement
- in motor skill learning, the use of reward and negative reinforcement is important in shaping desired movements
- the cognitive theory of learning involves performers solving the problems associated eith learning sports skills
- by drawing together intervening variables to make sense of the environment and eventually to solve the problems by producing desired movements
- social or observational learning theory states that when we learn by watching others we look up to and whish to emulate - the model we follow should be technically accurate so that the correct movement is learned
- bandura's model of observational learning shows the important elemants watching and copying a demonstration of a sports skill
- operant conditioning involves the bonding of a response to a particular stimulus - often achieved via reinforcement
- feedback
- feedback occurs both during and after movement
- the teo main types of feedback are knowledge of results and knowledge of performance
- feedback can help to reinforce effective moevements and to detect and correct errors
- positive feedback is generally more effective than negative but the latter can be effective, especially with autonomous learners
- in order to motivate a performer, its important to guve the appropriate feedback and to set relevant goals
- attitude
- attitudes are learned and are made up of beliefs, emotions and the way we behave (cognitive,affective,behavioural) - the triadic model
- prejudice is an extreme form of attitude - it is judgemental and inflexible
- attitudes can be changed through persuasion and conitive disonance
- attitudes depend largely on previous experience and social learning - we tend to follow social norms - expectations of behaviour can influence actual behaviour
- stereotyping persists in sport but is constantly being challenged and equal oppotunities are more realisable
- aggression
- aggression is the intent to harm outside the rules of the game
- the frustration - aggression hypothesis is a drive theory, which states that blocking goals can cause frustration to build up
- this can result in aggression, which leads to catharsis, this theory seems to be valid if aggression is seen as potential rather than actual
- the instinct theory states that aggression is innate, however the instinct theory has been largely discredited
- the social learning theory states that we learn to be aggressive by watching significant others being aggressive and if the aggression of significant others is reinforced, known as optimistic approach
- goal setting
- goal setting can help motivation, boost confidence and help with anxiety control
- goal setting is good for concentration and focusing attention to develop skills and strategies
- the SMART principle makes goal setting even more effective for sports perfomance
- learning theories
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