Mutations
- Created by: une-meduse
- Created on: 13-05-13 15:26
View mindmap
- MUTATIONS
- A mutation is a change in the amount of or arrangement of the genetic material in a cell
- Chromosome mutations involve changes to the structure of chromosomes and/or to their number
- DNA mutations are changes to genes due to changes in nucleotide base sequences
- A mutation is a random change to genetic material, they may occur during DNA replication, before nuclear division during mitosis or meiosis
- Mutations that are associated with MITOSIS are somatic mutations are are NOT passed on to offspring
- Somatic mutations however may contribute to the ageing process and may lead to cancer
- Mutations associated with meiosis and gamete formation CAN BE inherited by offspring
- Mutations that are associated with MITOSIS are somatic mutations are are NOT passed on to offspring
- Certain substances called mutagens may cause mutations
- Tar
- UV light
- X Rays
- Gamma Rays
- There are two main classes of DNA mutation
- Point mutations in which one base pair replaces another, also known as substitutions
- Insertion mutations or deletion mutations in which one or more nucleotide pairs are inserted or deleted from a length of DNA causing a frameshift
- Many genetic diseases are the result of DNA mutations, such as sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis - deletion
- Sickle cell anaemia - substitution
- Growth promoting genes are called photo oncogenes
- They may be changed into oncogenes by a point mutation that alters the ability of the protooncogene to he switched off
- Oncogenes promote unregulated cell division
- They may be changed into oncogenes by a point mutation that alters the ability of the protooncogene to he switched off
- A mutation is a change in the amount of or arrangement of the genetic material in a cell
- CAG
- Gln
- TTT
- Phe
- CAG
- Gln
- TTT
- Phe
- TAA
- STOP
- CGC
- ATG
- Met
- Point mutation - silent mutation
- CAG
- Gln
- CAG
- Gln
- TTT
- Phe
- TTG
- Leu
- CGC
- Arg
- ATG
- Met
- Point mutation - frameshift
- CAG
- Gln
- CAG
- Gln
- TTT
- Phe
- GCA
- Ala
- ATC
- Lle
- CC
- Many genetic diseases are the result of DNA mutations, such as sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis - deletion
- Sickle cell anaemia - substitution
- Growth promoting genes are called photo oncogenes
- They may be changed into oncogenes by a point mutation that alters the ability of the protooncogene to he switched off
- Oncogenes promote unregulated cell division
- They may be changed into oncogenes by a point mutation that alters the ability of the protooncogene to he switched off
Comments
No comments have yet been made