Muscular system
- Created by: Lucy141
- Created on: 06-05-19 13:21
View mindmap
- Muscular system
- Muscular attachment
- Origin: point of muscular attachment to a stationary bone
- Insertion: point of muscular attachment to a moveable bone which gets closer to the origin during muscular contraction
- Tendon: a fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to bone
- Antagonistic muscle action
- Agonist: a muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint, prime mover
- Antagonistic: a muscle that opposes the agonist providing a resistance for co-ordinated movement
- Fixator: a muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another causes movement
- Eg. Flexion (elbow) agonist: Biceps brachii, antagonist: Triceps brachii
- Paired muscle action, as the agonist muscle shortens to create movement, the antagonist lengthens to co-ordinate the action
- Muscle contraction
- Isotonic contraction: muscular contraction while changes length during its contraction. This can occur in two ways: concentric and eccentric
- Concentric contraction: muscular contraction which shortens, while producing tension
- Eccentric contraction: muscular contraction which lengthens while producing tension
- Delayed onset muscle soreness: pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise, associated with eccentric muscle contractions
- Isometric contraction: muscular contraction which stays the same length while producing tension
- Movement analysis
- Analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement, including knowledge of the joint type, articulating bones, movement patterns, agonist, antagonist muscle action, contraction type
- Motor unit and skeletal muscle contraction
- Motor neuron: a nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres
- Have a cell body in the brain or spinal cord with an extending axon which branches to connect motor end plates to a group of muscle fibres
- Motor unit: a motor neuron and muscle fibres stimulated by its axon
- A skeletal muscle can only contract when stimulated by an electrical impulse sent from the central nervous system
- Sending nerve impulse to the muscle fibres is an electrochemical process which relies on a nerve action potential
- Action potential: positive electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulses down the neuron and into the muscle fibres
- Neurotransmitter: a chemical, acetylcholine, produced and secreted by a neuron which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibres
- All-or-none law: depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a complete contraction or no contraction at all
- Where the axon's motor end plate meet the muscle fibre called neuromuscular junction, small gap called the synaptic cleft
- Motor neuron: a nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres
- Muscle fibre type and exercise intensity
- Slow oxidative muscle fibres: type of muscle fibres rich in mitrochondria, myoglobin, capillaries which produces small amount of force over long period of time
- Fast glycolytic muscle fibres: type muscle fibre rich in phosphocreatin which produces a maximal force over a short period of time
- Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres: designed to produce large amounts of force quickly, also have capacity to resist fatigue
- Phosphocreatin (PC): high-energy compound stored in the muscle cell used as fuel for very high-intensity energy production
- Mitrochondria: structure in the sarcoplasm responsible for aerobic energy production
- Myoglobin: protein in he muscle responsible for transporting oxygen to the mitrochondria
- Aerobic work: low intensity, long-duration exercise in the presence of oxygen
- Anaerobic work: high intensity, short-duration exercise in the absence of oxygen
- Work:relief ratio: volume o relief in relation to the volume of work performed
- Muscular attachment
Comments
No comments have yet been made