Mulvey - male gaze

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  • Mulvey
    • argued audiences forced to view women from POV of male heterosexuals (male gaze)
      • she wrote essay about 1940 + 50s films, but visual media still has male gaze. films, fashion shoots, adverts + music vids still objectify women + present men as controlling
        • other persectives
          • sometimes gaze targets alternative audeince like gay women or white Americans, perhaps by shocking them with different perspective. but this is very uncommon.
    • identified differences between male + female roles
      • female
        • passive
        • object of gaze
        • need protecting
        • sexually submissive
        • focus of sexual fantasies (encouraged to be looked on philosophically)
        • ego needs igored
        • support men
        • weak
        • dependent
      • male
        • active
        • do the looking
        • protectors
        • sexually dominant
        • projectors of scopophlic gaze
        • ego needs fulfilled
        • taking lead
        • strong
        • independent
    • related key terms
      • voyeurism: gratification from seeing others (especially when they don't know; in films). A controlling gaze that projects fantasies onto someone
      • scopophilia: sexual pleasure from looking at often-****** objects
      • fetishism: fixating on object of gaze in order to male it less threatening to viewer (by dehumanization it + turn to something satisfying; sexual object)
      • exhibitionism: encourages an objectifying gaze
      • narcissism: recognizing self in image of character (relating to character)
        • e.g in Dolce & Gabbana's perfume desire advert, women are encouraged to view themselves as camera views model (selling mindset: buying product makes them look more attractive)

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