Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies, their production and their uses
- Created by: HayatF
- Created on: 26-02-16 18:08
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- Monoclonal Antibodies
- Production of monoclonal antibodies
- Fuse tumour cells with the B-lymphocytes
- WHY? Tumour cells (myeloma) have no hayflick limit and can reproduce at a fast rate - this means that we can produce lots of monoclonal antibodies
- WHY? B-lymphocytes are the white blood cells that remember which antibodies are most effective for which antigens.
- This fusion is called a HYBRIDOMA
- Hybridomas then mass-produce monoclonal antibodies to fight the pathogen.
- Fuse tumour cells with the B-lymphocytes
- Monoclonal antibodies are used in...
- Cancer treatment
- Monoclonal antibodies can be used to transport drugs directly to a tumour cell
- Because of their high specificity, healthy cells are not damaged in this treatment.
- However, in non-monoclonal antibody cancer treatments, the drugs are in the blood stream and can attack healthy cells.
- This means there are less side-effects.
- Because of their high specificity, healthy cells are not damaged in this treatment.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be used to transport drugs directly to a tumour cell
- Diagnosis of blood clots
- Blood clots form a mesh of blood plasma. If monoclonal antibodies are attached to a radioactive element, they can detect blood clots.
- Because of their high specificity, monoclonal antibodies do not harm any healthy cells during this diagnosis.
- The monoclonal antibodies circulate the body through the blood and will get trapped in any blood clots (if there are any).
- The radioactive element allows the monoclonal antibodies to show up on camera. If there is a large group of radioactivity in a clump, that means the monoclonal antibodies are caught in a blood clot.
- Blood clots form a mesh of blood plasma. If monoclonal antibodies are attached to a radioactive element, they can detect blood clots.
- Pregnancy testing
- HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy that tells the body not to shed the uterus lining and helps form the placenta to provide the growing foetus with nutrients.
- Urine is applied to the test *****.
- If a hormone called HCG is present, it will attach onto monoclonal antibodies (along with a colour dye) and be passed onto the next zone of the pregnancy test
- As the urine sample continues to move up the *****, the HCG hormone will stick onto the second zone, along with the monoclonal antibodies and the dye
- If the tester is pregnant and there are high levels of HCG, then the dye will show that the pregnancy test is positive.
- If there are no HCG to stick onto the stick, the urine (and the monoclonal antibodies and the dye) will pass without colouring the *****. This means that it is negative
- As the urine sample continues to move up the *****, the HCG hormone will stick onto the second zone, along with the monoclonal antibodies and the dye
- If a hormone called HCG is present, it will attach onto monoclonal antibodies (along with a colour dye) and be passed onto the next zone of the pregnancy test
- Untitled
- Cancer treatment
- Production of monoclonal antibodies
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