Chemistry: Medicine and Drugs
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?- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 27-03-14 16:36
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- Medicines and Drugs
- Antacids
- Combat dyspepsia (indigestion caused by excess acid)
- Neutralise stomach acid
- relives pain
- allows mending of protective mucus layer and stomach lining
- prevents inflammation
- magnesium trisilicate physically absorbs acids (gather on surface in a condensed layer)
- Antacids + Alginates
- form protective neutralizing coating
- prevent heartburn
- Antacids + Anti-foaming agents
- eg. dimethicone
- prevent flatulence
- Analgesics
- Relieve pain
- Mild analgesics
- Aspirin
- Prevents prostaglandin synthase
- Hydrolysed to salicylic acid + ethanoate ions
- In small intestine only (less acidic)
- salicylic acid (phenolic group) + ethanoic acid -> ester aspirin
- salicylic acid (carboxylic group) + methanol -> methyl salicylate
- characteristic smell
- poisonous if taken internally
- liniment (remove inflammation causing muscle pain)
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-clotting agent
- Prevents strokes
- Can cause bleeding of stomach
- Allergies: bronchial asthma
- Reye's disease in children
- Fatal if safe dose exceeded (salicylic acid leads to acidosis)
- Paracetamol
- less problematic side effects than aspirin
- overdose: brain, liver and kidney damage
- Intercept pain stimulus at source of injury
- Aspirin
- Strong analgesics
- Temporarily interact with receptor sites in brain and block pain signals
- Opiates
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Heroin formed from condensation of morphine and ethanoic anhydride
- Depressants
- Depress central nervous system
- Slow down body functions
- Interfere with transmission of nerve impulses in neurons
- Alcohol breathalyser: acidified potassium dichromate (VI) crystals go from orange to green
- Alcohol fuel cell: ethanol oxidised to produce electricity
- Infrared intoximeters: C-H in ethanol absorbs infrared radiation of certain wavelength
- 1. Breath into chamber
- 2. Infrared radiation passes through 'chopper' (beams pass through sample & empty chamber alternately)
- 3. Intensities of beams compared
- Aspirin + alcohol
- Increased risk of stomach bleeding (alcohol transports aspirin through lining of stomach)
- Anti-depressants
- reduce anxiety
- help with insomnia
- benzodiazepines (minor tranquilizer)
- fluoxetine (Prozac) selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
- makes serotonin more available (mood affecting)
- Stimulants
- Increase state of mental alertness
- Adrenaline
- Amphetamines
- Sympathomimetric drug (mimic effect of stimulation on sympathetic nervous system)
- Nictotine
- Treat narcolepsy, slimming pills, anti-depressants
- long term effects: weight loss, constipation, emotional instability
- Sympathomimetric drug (mimic effect of stimulation on sympathetic nervous system)
- Antacids
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