Mechanisms - 2
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 09-05-14 15:18
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- Mechanisms
- Classifying reactions
- Addition
- Joining 2 or more molecules to form a larger molecule
- Polymerisation
- Joining together of many monomers to form a giant molecule
- Elimination
- When an atom/atoms breaks away from a larger molecule
- Substitution
- When one species is replaced by another
- Hydrolysis
- Splitting a molecule by adding water
- Oxidation
- Loss of electrons
- Reduction
- Gain of electrons
- Redox
- Transference of electrons between 2 species
- Addition
- Bond fission can be...
- Homolytic
- Bond breaks evenly - 1 electron moves to each atom
- Heterolytic
- Bond breaks unevenly - both electrons from the shared electron pair move to one atom
- Formation of 2 different species
- Positively charged cation - electrophile
- Negatively charged anion - nucleophile
- Formation of 2 different species
- Bond breaks unevenly - both electrons from the shared electron pair move to one atom
- Homolytic
- Classifying reagents
- Will help with predictions of how chemicals will react together and what products may be created
- Nucleophiles
- Electron pair donors
- Are electron rich, so attracted to regions which are electron poor
- Attack polar bonds
- Electrophiles
- Electron pair acceptors
- Are electron poor, so attracted to electron rich regions, e.g double bonds
- Free radical
- Contain unpaired electrons so are very reactive
- Breaking down of the ozone
- Nitrogen oxides from car and aircraft engines
- Affect ozone in the same way as chlorine radicals
- Use of CFCs
- Chlorine free radicals formed when CFCs broken down by UV
- Free radical reacts with ozone to form an intermediate and an O2 molecule
- Chlorine free radicals formed when CFCs broken down by UV
- Nitrogen oxides from car and aircraft engines
- Classifying reactions
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