Intro to organic chem

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  • Created by: maira842
  • Created on: 07-03-22 20:56
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  • Intro to ORGANIC CHEM- year 1
    • Different types of formulas
      • Empirical formula
        • simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
      • Molecular formula
        • Actual number of each atom in an element
      • Skeletal formula
        • Shows bond of carbon skeleton bond only, with any functional group. Hydrogen and carbon atom not shown
    • Homologous series
      • series of compounds containing same functional group.
      • different types
        • ALKANES=   -ANE
        • BRANCHED ALKANES=    -ALKYL (YL)
        • ALKENES=   -ENE
        • HOLOGENOALKANES- FLUORO-CHROMO-BROMO-IODO
        • ALCOHOLS-   -OL
        • ALDEHYDES-AL
          • =O AND -H AT THE END OF CHAIN
        • KETONES       -ONE
          • =O IN MIDDLE OF CHAIN
        • CYCLO     ALKANES=     cyclo-  -ane
        • CARBOXYLIC ACIDS-        -oic acid
          • =O AND -OH AT THE END OF CHAIN
    • Isomerism
      • isomers have same molecular formula but atoms arranged differently.
      • STRUCTURAL ISOMERS
        • chain isomers- have different arrangements of carbon skeleton. Some are straight and some are chained.
        • positional isomers- same skeleton and same atoms or group of atoms attached. Difference is atom or group pf atoms attached to different carbon atom.
        • Functional group isomers- same atoms arranged in different group isomers.
      • stereoisomers
        • carbon atoms in a C=C double bond and atoms boned to these carbons are on the same plane-planar. This is because double bonds cannot rotate.
        • restricted movement due to double bond creates E/Z isomers
          • Z isomer- same groups on same side.
          • E isomer- same groups positioned on opposite sides.
        • stereoisomers have the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space.
        • CIP PRIORITY RULES TO IDENTIFY EZ ISOMERS
          • Atoms with higher atomic number on each carbon is given the higher priority.
          • ALKENES WITH ONLY 3 DIFFERENT GROUPS.

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