Individual differences
- Created by: lozzytom123
- Created on: 20-06-23 15:23
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- Individual Differences
- Anxiety
- Anxiety- 'The negative aspect of experiencing stress which is caused by worry or fear of faliure.
- Types of anxiety
- Competitive- a tendency to perceive competitive situations as threatening and to respond to these situations with feelimhs of apprehension
- Trait- a trait that is enduring in an individual
- Responses
- Cognitive- anxiety in the mind, images of faliure and negative thoughts
- ZOF- Top performance is facilitated in this zone.
- Somatic- anxiety with the body, sweating and increased heart rate
- Motivation
- Intrensic
- Enjoyment, satisfaction
- Drive from within
- Extrensic
- Comes from an outside source
- Trophy or reward
- Intrensic
- Arousal
- 'A physical and mental state of preparedness'
- Effects of arousal
- Catastrophe theory- as arousal increases, performance improves. However, performance will reach an otimum level and performance will have an extreme decline
- Drive theory- LInear relationship between arousal and performance
- Inverted U Theory- arousal improves performance to a point and then arousal and performance decrease.
- Aggression
- The intent to harm or break the rules
- Frustration
- Instinct
- Aggresive cue
- Social Learning
- Personality
- Personality- The sum of the individulals characteristic that makes them unique
- Theories of personality
- Interactionist- Trait theory and social learning both have a role in determining behaviour.
- Trait theory
- Type B- Non competitive, Unambitious, works slow, Less stress
- Type A- Competitive, Works fast, Likes to be in control, Suffer stress
- Social learning- Learn your characteristics from other people rather than being born with them.
- Attitudes
- A predisposition to act in a particular way towards something
- Factors:Being good/bad at a sport, ejoyable experiences in the sport, lack of ability.
- Methods of changing attitudes: Persuasive communication and cognitive dissonance
- Social Facilitation & Inhibition
- Strategies to minimise inhibition
- Imagery Techniques, relaxation techniques, training with an audience, remaining calm and focused.
- Evaluation Apprehension
- Increases arousal levels which also leads to social inhibition
- Effects of the audience
- Gross and fine
- Simple and complex
- Beginner and expert
- Social Inhibition- the negative influence on sports performance of others who may be watching orcompeting/
- Social Facilitation- The positive influence on sports performance of others who may be watching or competing
- Strategies to minimise inhibition
- Anxiety
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