German Unification 1815- 1871
- Created by: GalleyGirl
- Created on: 02-04-17 17:35
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- German Unification 1815- 1871
- War and Victory
- War with Denmark (1 February-30 October 1864) Succession to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein disputed
- Make out as liberating German speaking people.
- Spreads out Austrians resources
- Austro-Prussian War (15 June-23 August 1866) Schleswig-Holstein
issue
- 7 weeks war, unbelievable achievement. Establishes Prussian dominance permanently.
- Also creates 'Kleindeutschland' unification without Austria.
- Supposed to Grossdeuts unification with Austria
- 1867 - Prussia and several other north German states unite in the new North German Confederation
- Franco-Prussian War (19 July 1870-10 May 1871) Ems dispatch.
- War against a common enemy to unite states, especially those who'd fought with Prussia.
- Also Generates feelings of nationalistic pride.
- Also defeats potential ally of Austria's in Europe.
- Wilhelm of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor on 18 January 1871.Germany was now a nation
- War against a common enemy to unite states, especially those who'd fought with Prussia.
- War with Denmark (1 February-30 October 1864) Succession to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein disputed
- Liberalism
- Growing Ideology in Europe spread to Germany, wanted political equality.
- Created Frankfurt parliament (1848) to replace Bund, to satisfy protests of peasants and workers. But not strong enough to unite Germany. No support from Monarchy, refused crown. Essentially filling vacuum.
- Growing Ideology in Europe spread to Germany, wanted political equality.
- Nationalism
- Rising feeling in Europe and now among common people wanted strong united Germany
- Also caused rise in popularity for imperialism, as united Germany began to extend influence become a world power.
- Both of these Prussia could appeal to when getting popular support for uniting Germany
- Militarism, strong defense and ability to conquer.
- Also caused rise in popularity for imperialism, as united Germany began to extend influence become a world power.
- Loose, pre-Napoleonic ideas about German identity developed into intense national pride in the unity of a greater Germany
- Rising feeling in Europe and now among common people wanted strong united Germany
- German confederation (Bund)
- Created 39 states but with collective strength
- First step to unity improved communicatio between states
- But still independent, and pressure between Prussia and Austria as biggest states, no answer to question of who will dominate.
- Bismark
- Policies of 'Realpolitik' and 'Blood and iron'
- Realpolitik meant was pragmatic, took advantage of any opportunity to win diplomatic support
- Support from Italy in war against Prussia promising Venetia.
- Kulturkampf, stifle's catholic political power to appeal to Liberals, prefer secular state.
- Also, Advocates industrialisati
- Got support from Russia supporting military suppression of Poles. (Alvensleben Convention 1863) Russia would remain neutral in all Germany's futre wars.
- Believed Germany could only be united through war.
- Engineered/ encouraged war with Austria to assert Prussian dominance and war with France for unification through patriotic support
- Realpolitik meant was pragmatic, took advantage of any opportunity to win diplomatic support
- Policies of 'Realpolitik' and 'Blood and iron'
- Prussia
- Economic dominance
- Creation of Zollverein in 1818, Prussia's own Custom's Union. Large, local free trade area. By 1836 25 states had joined. (But not Austria).
- Economic union helped pave way for political union through annual assembly.
- Enhanced Prussia’s influence over the central Germanic states
- Increased external trade in primary resources. Rich coal and iron resources Strong education system Investment in and expansion of railways. Strong communicatio links.
- Berlin-Potsdam Railway constructed fully by 1838.
- Massive industrialisati with government support for businesses.
- British-backed financial growth, 419,000 workers in Berlin's industry by 1850. 5.6mil tons of coal produced in 1845 in Prussia. Output of coal increase 10x in Silesia 1815-50.
- Creation of Zollverein in 1818, Prussia's own Custom's Union. Large, local free trade area. By 1836 25 states had joined. (But not Austria).
- Political dominance
- Prussia's economic leadership in Bund led to sympathy for it's political aims. Had economic muscle to support large army and efficient government.
- In 1858 create ministry with both conservatives and liberals
- 1859 created Nationalvereinplatform for liberal discussions.
- Economic dominance
- War and Victory
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