Geography A-Level - Physical - Adapting to Hazards

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  • Created by: Noah_S
  • Created on: 04-06-21 17:35
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  • Adapting to Hazards
    • Mutli-Hazard Environment - Philippines
      • Responses
        • Before 2009, the Philippian government only focused on providing aid after a disaster, focusing on the short term
        • After 2009, the government then focused on a "Build Back Better" strategy, like the Japanese
          • Action taken includes not allowing buildings in high risk areas, adapting building codes and monitoring hazards
        • Local communities generally understand the dangers of hazards from experience
          • They may prepare for disasters, like widening rivers to prevent flooding or gathering emergency supplies
      • Hazards
        • Seismic Hazards
          • Earthquakes also occur along plate margins, which can produce secondary hazards
          • Luzon Island Earthquake (1990) - Killed 1800+
          • Moro Gulf Tsunami (1975) - Killed thousands and devastated several coastal cities
        • Tropical Storms
          • The Philippines has around 18 tropical storms per year
          • Typhoon Haiyan (2013) - Killed 8000+, with $2.9 Billion in damages and 5.5 Million jobs lost
        • Volcanoes
          • Mount Pinatubo Eruption (1991) - Killed 780+, 208,000 homeless and agricultural land destroyed by ash
          • Philippines is near a destructive plate margin, producing composite volcanoes
    • Local Hazard Environment - Kobe (1995)
      • Impacts
        • 5002 deaths, with 235,000 rendered homeless (Social)
        • $150 Billion in damages, with 120/150 quays in the ports damaged due to Liquefaction (Economy)
          • 22% of offices in CBD rendered unusable
        • Damaged gas pipes led to multiple fires being started (Environment)
          • Made response effort harder
      • Pre-Disaster
        • Kobe did not have an earthquake for over a centaury, so they weren't prepared
        • 7.2 Magnitude Earthquake under Awaji Island, 20k from the CBD of Kobe
      • Responses
        • Government then investigated the disaster, and updated the building codes based on new knowledge gained (Long Term)
        • Government also created Rapid Response teams, for future disasters. This helped in the 2011 Japanese earthquake (Long Term)
        • Japanese Government took two days to respond, so volunteerism was crucial for immediate aid (Short Term)
          • Volunteerism became part of local and national culture, with January 17th being declared by the government as "Disaster Prevention and Volunteerism Day"

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