AQA 16.8 - Genetic Fingerprinting
- Created by: gabriele
- Created on: 11-06-13 20:09
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- Genetic Fingerprinting
- 1) Extraction
- Extract DNA by separating it from the rest of the cell
- If a larger amount of DNA is needed than what it available the quantity can be increased by using PCR
- 2) Digestion
- cut DNA into fragments
- using restriction endonucleases
- cut DNA into fragments
- 3) Separation
- DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis
- separated fragments are transferred from the gel to a nylon membrane
- DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis
- 4) Hybridisation
- Radioactive probes are used to bind with the core sequence
- Radioactive probes have a sequence that is complementary to the core sequence
- The probe binds to the sequence under specific conditions
- pH
- Temperature
- different probes bind to different sequences
- Radioactive probes are used to bind with the core sequence
- 5) Development
- x-ray film is put over the nylon membrane
- development of the x-ray film reveals where the radioactive DNA probes have attached
- the banded pattern is unique for each individual
- development of the x-ray film reveals where the radioactive DNA probes have attached
- x-ray film is put over the nylon membrane
- Interpreting the Results
- the closer the match between two patterns the greater the probability that the two sets of DNA have come from the same person
- Uses of Genetic Fingerprinting
- forensic science
- helps resolve questions of paternity
- useful in determining genetic variability within a population
- 1) Extraction
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