federalism

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  • Created by: ecorke_
  • Created on: 20-11-17 16:54
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  • Federalism
    • Basics
      • The federal-state relationship has changed. The relationship is supposed to be a balance between the states and the federal government (effective but with limited central government; independent but unified states.) This is known as 'dual federalism.' For various reasons, this has changed over time - with a general trend towards the centre.
        • There has, however, been an ideological response to that. Attempts are made (and have been made) to return to dual federalism. These changes include reducing the size of federal government, increasing the responsibilities of the states, etc. This is known as 'new federalism.' Whether modern Presidents  have been consistent in this can be tested.
    • Dual federalism
      • 1780's - 1920s
      • State rights - only three government departments
      • War, money and foreign policy
    • Cooperative federalism
      • 1920s - 1950s
      • Increased size of government departments
      • Health, welfare, education and labor were introduced
      • State working with federal government
      • Categorical grants (aka Grants-in-aid) funding the states work with federal government
    • New federalism
      • 2000s+
      • G. W. Bush
      • B. Obama
      • D. Trump
    • Creative federalism
      • 1960s
      • Funding to the states - directly told what to do
    • Modern federalism
      • 1970s
      • Reverse centralisation
      • Block Grants = used at state discretion in broad policy areas
      • Unfunded mandates = cut federal programmes but states required to perform tasks / functions with no funding

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