The Era of Reconstruction 1865-77

Background

Johnsson, Grant and the Failure of Radical Reconstruction

Economic Growth

Conflict with Native Americans

Foreign Policy, 1865-77

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  • Created by: EmSackett
  • Created on: 11-10-16 18:55
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  • Era of Reconstruction- 1865-77
    • Background: The USA in 1865
      • Differences between the North and the South
        • Economic
          • Population
          • Immigration
          • Population living in towns
          • Growth in Industry
          • Amount of goods produced
          • Industrialisation
          • Slavery
          • Free trade vs. Tarriffs
        • Cultural
          • Code of Honour
          • Strong Christian faith
          • Education
        • Political
          • Slavery
          • S. states wanted to legislate themselves
          • N. less hostile to growth in Presidents powers
        • Slavery
          • S. economy dependent on slaves
          • Tobacco and Cotton trade
          • A means of social control
          • 1777-1858, 19 N. states banned slavery
      • African Americans and Slavery
        • 4 million slaves in 1860
        • 50% of slave owners owned no more than 5 slaves
        • 1860 there were some 250,000 free African Americans in the S.
      • The Civil War
        • Causes
          • Lincoln elected
          • Slavery
        • Effects
          • Destruction and loss of life
          • Economic expense
          • Political divisions
          • Emancipation of 3.5 million slaves
    • Johnson, Grant and the failure of Radical Reconstruction
      • Reconstructio-n under Lincoln
        • 13th Amendment freed slaves
        • Freedmen's Bureau set up for a year to help ex-slaves find education and employment
        • Problems
          • How to treat the South
          • What to do with 1000's of ex-slaves
          • Who would decide Reconstruction policy? Congress or the President?
      • Reconstruction under Johnson
        • The Black Codes
          • African Americans deemed to be unemployed could be forced into working for a white employer
          • Chldren could be forced to work on plantations
          • African Americans could be precevented from recieving an education
        • 14th Amendment stated that people who were born in the USA were US citizens
        • 1867 Military reconstruction bill imposed military rule on the south ex. Tennessee
        • Command of the Army act reduced Johnsons military powers
        • Tenure of Office Act prevented Johnsson from removing office holders - Stanton
      • The Presidency of Grant
        • In favour of firm treatment of the South
        • Northerners in the South were nicknamed 'Carpetbaggers'
        • Never more than 20,000 troops in the South
        • 15th Amendment stated that right to vote should not be denied on basis of race, colour or previous condition of slavery
        • Whiskey Ring Scandal
          • Network of distillers conspired to defraud the federal government of millions - Grants private secretary was indicted but later aquitted
      • Interpretation-s of Reconstructio-n
        • Only one man was executed in the South
        • In no state did Northerners constitute even 2% of the population
        • Carpetbagger influence has been exagerated
        • Fall of political influence in the South
        • The South remained economically depressed
        • Calfax Massacre
        • Jim Crow Laws
    • Economic Growth
      • Reasons for Industrial Growth
        • The Civil war - stimulated need for manufactured goods
        • Increased Availability of Land
        • Population Growth
        • Better Transport
        • Increased availability of Capital
        • Laizzes Faire Government
        • New Business Methods - Corporations and Trusts
        • Technology
      • The Impact of Industrial Growth
        • The Depression of 1873
        • Urbanisation
        • Worse Living Conditions
        • Slums
        • Corrupt Officials running the city
        • Agriculture did not prosper
    • Conflict with Native Americans
      • Reasons for Westward Expansion
        • The Manifest Destiny
          • Belief that God had chosen them to populate America
          • Racist Doctrine
        • Federal Territories
          • Created to gain control of lands west of Mississipi
          • As territories they became subject to US laws
          • At 60,00 a territory could apply to become a state
          • Had authority to make own laws
        • The Homestead act 1862
          • Released 160 acre plots for free if farmers would farm them for the next 5 years
          • By 1865 20,000 had settled
          • Timber and Culture act 1873
            • Gave further 160 acres if 40 was planted with trees
          • Desert and Land Act
            • Offered further 460 acres at $1.20 per acre if some of it was irrigated
        • Railroads
          • 1862 Pacific Railroad Act
          • Tracks met in 1869
          • Disturbed Buffalo
          • Brought more settlers to the plains
        • Second Gold Rush
          • Black Hills of Dakota
          • Mid-1870's
          • US gov. had recognized Black Hills asbelonging to Native Americans
            • Treaty of Laramie
              • Ignored
      • Impact on Native Americans
        • Reservation Policy
          • Put Native Americans on gov. controlled reservations
          • Tried to 'Americanise' them
          • Harsh
          • Dependent on food supplied by the gov.
          • People starved
          • Total Dependence on white Americans for everything was humiliating
          • Some Native American Agents were corrupt
        • Great Sioux War 1876
          • Broke out after the discovery of Gold in Dakota
          • Gov. offered Native Americans $6 million - this failed
          • Any Native Americans who was outside of a reservation after 31 Jan 1876 would be treated as hostile
    • Foreign Policy 1865-7
      • Foreign Involvement
        • 1923 Monroe Doctrine
          • Policy was to avoid getting involved in European affairs unless American interests were involved
        • Policy of Isolationism
      • Expansionism
        • Far East and Dominican Republic
          • 1868 - Burlingame treaty - promoted trade with China
          • 1869 Dominican republic offered itself for colonisation but Congress refused
        • Alaska
          • Bought from Russia for $7.2 million - 1867
          • To maintain good relations with Russia
          • Expand US rule and keep the British out
          • Felt that the development of Alaskan harbours might provide a gateway to Northern Asia where the US Merchant ships could fuel and get provisions
      • Britain and Canada
        • Confederate ships built in British dockyards
        • US demanded compensation after the civil war - $2 billion
        • Canada became independent in 1867
        • Eventually Britain agreed to pay $15.5 million in 1872

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