OCR AS Level Biology Enzymes
- Created by: Sorcha
- Created on: 08-04-13 13:46
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- ENZYMES
- Structure
- Well developed tertiary structure
- increase the reaction rate without becoming changed - BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
- Can be INTRACELLUAR (act inside the cell) or EXTRACELLULAR (acts outside the cell e.g. digestive enzymes)
- Globular Proteins
- have an ACTIVE SITE for substrates to fit too.
- substrate is complementary to the active site forming a ENZYME - SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
- Activation Energy
- the substrate cannot become the product without EXTRA ENERGY
- You increase the energy by heating it
- but body temperature cannot increase past 37degrees
- therefore they DECREASE the activation energy
- this is by holding the substrate in a particular way allowing the reaction to be easier and at a lower temperature
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Active Site Inhibition
- Non Competitive e.g. Penicillin
- Binds permanently to the active site
- Permanently blocks the active site to the substrate
- NO COMPETITION OCCURS
- Competitive e.g. Antifreeze
- Reversible
- Inhibitor binds briefly to the active site
- there is competition between the substrate and the inhibitor for the active site
- Non Competitive e.g. Penicillin
- Non-active site inhibition
- Non-Competitive Irreversible Inhibition e.g. Digitalis
- The 3D shape is permanently distorted
- Binds to the enzyme permanently
- No Binding can occur
- Non-Competitive Reversible Inhibition
- the 3D shape is distorted briefly
- Inhibitor briefly binds to another part of the Enzyme
- Used to control metabolic reactions in the body
- Non-Competitive Irreversible Inhibition e.g. Digitalis
- WHY?! to regulate metabolic pathways and prevent build up of substances. To produce Toxins and Venoms
- Active Site Inhibition
- Structure
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