Early Italian successes and failures

Created by: HannahWedge
Created on: 02-02-14 15:43

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Early Italian Success and failure
- The Treaty of Bardo
  - May 12, 1881
  - After French had invaded Tunisia
  - Gave France responsibility for defense and foreign policy decision of Tunisia
    - Tunisia became a French protectorate
  - French excluded Italy from any of the negotiations
    - Italy had staked a claim to Tunisia
    - Showed their contempt for 'New Italy'
- Italo-Turkish/Turco-Italian/"the Libyan war"
  - Fought between Ottoman Empire and Italy
  - Sept. 29th 1911 - Oct. 18th 1912
  - Minor
  - A precursor of WWI
    - Sparked nationalism in Balkan states
  - Italians easily defeated the Ottomans
    - encouraged balkans to attack empire before it was finished with Italy
  - Saw many technological advances in warfare
    - aeroplane
    - first ever aerial bomb
      - Oct. 23rd 1911
      - Italian pilot flew over Turkish lines and dropped it
- The Triple Alliance
  - Between Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary
  - Promised mutual support in event of an attack
    - For Italy - an attack by France or any 2 other great powers
  - Italy had to specify this was not against UK
- Abyssina (the first Italo-Ethiopian War
  - Precoursor - Battle of Dogali (Jan 1887)
    - Ethiopian Emperor's governor attacked Italians day prior - 100s E's killed but only 4 Italians injured
    - 500 Is sent to Sahati to reinforce Italians
      - ambushed and all were killed
        except for 80 injured who managed to escape
  - ended in crushing victory for Ethiopians
    - Battle of Adowa March 1896
      - Italians were concentrated and were defeated decisively
    - Italians totaled 20,000 troops with 56 artillery pieces
  - Ethiopians had 3000 dead and 6000 wounded
    - Italians had 9000-12000 dead
- Transformism(o)
  - New Parliament Political parties were weak
    - principles and philosophy mattered little
    - Liberal politicians moved in and out of office regularly
      - Their response was to create large political coalitions
        Often with bribes/favoures being offered
      - Givoanni Giolloti became known as master of this
        PM on 5 separate occasions
- Strikes and riots
  - Italy was not economically stable
    - There was illiteracy and poverty - particularly in South
      - 90% of Sicilian army recruits were rejected due to poor health
  - A number of risings in 1902
    - bloody peasant uprisings described as "normal"
  - 1890- I's french investment which aided economic growth was removed
    - unememployment spiralled
  - gov.t's response was to sanction Marshall Law in problem areas
    - Many were killed
    - King began to govern by royal decree
      - set a precendent for Fascism later

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Early Italian successes and failures

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