Collectivisation
- Created by: PhilippaCarew
- Created on: 06-11-19 09:21
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- Collectivisation
- Impact
- Famine 1932-1934
- Caused partially by drought in 1931 and Kulak deportation
- Drop in food production
- Famine in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Northern Caucasus
- Drop in food production
- Caused partially by drought in 1931 and Kulak deportation
- Armed forces dealt brutally with unrest, sometime burning down villages
- 'Dekulakisation' meant talented farmers were deported
- 1939 19 million peasants had migrated to towns
- August 1932 anyone who stole from a collective could be Gaoled for ten years
- 1939 19 million peasants had migrated to towns
- Famine 1932-1934
- Stage 1 1929-1930
- New Procurement quotas
- Propaganda campaign against Kulaks aimed to divide classes
- Forced collectivisation. Peasants driven into collectives by OGPU and the Red Army.
- 150,000 peasants forced to migrate North or East. 15% of Peasant households destroyed.
- Some killed their livestock and burnt their crops to avoid being labelled
- March 1930: 58% of peasant household collectivised
- 'Dizzy with success' meant a return to voluntary Collectivisation.
- October 1930: 20% of households
- 'Dizzy with success' meant a return to voluntary Collectivisation.
- Success?
- During period of peasant opposition production fell
- Didn't recover until 1930s
- Slow and brutal way of achieving Stalin's economic goals
- 25-30% of livestock slaughtered by peasants between 1929-1933
- Took until 1953 to recover
- Ideologically successful as Capitalism/Private enterprise in countryside destroyed
- Politically successful as Stalin exercised his control over the countryside
- During period of peasant opposition production fell
- Stage 2 1930-1941
- 100% by 1941
- 75% by 1935
- Kolkhoz- collective farm
- Average 75 families
- Had to deliver set quotas, farm not paid if not met.
- Allowed to sell left over produce from 1932
- Under control of member of Communist Party
- System of internal passports from 1932 stopped peasants leaving
- Sovkhoz
- 'Socialist agriculture of the highest order'
- 'workers' paid wage directly by State
- Created on land confiscated from larger estates.
- Specialised in large scale production
- Grain growing areas of Ukraine and Southern Russia
- Specialised in large scale production
- Machine Tractor stations form 1931 provide seed and hire out machinery
- 2500 established
- Agronomists, vets, surveyors and technicians sent to the countryside to advise
- By 1938: 95% threshing, 72% ploughing, 48% harvesting carried out by machines
- 1938: 196 thousand lorries in USSR and 1 million+ in USA
- Impact
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