chemistry
- Created by: t71093
- Created on: 08-10-22 17:13
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- polymers
- addition polymerisation
- the joining of short-chain monomers to produce one long-chain polymer
- alkenes are the monomers used
- this is because the carbon-carbon double bonds in alkenes can open up to allow multiple alkenes to join together
- the polymer is the only product of the reaction, this means that the repeating unit has exactly the same atoms as the monomer
- when ethene monomers undergo addition polymerisation, poly(ethene) is the product
- the joining of short-chain monomers to produce one long-chain polymer
- proteins
- such as enzymes, haemoglobin, and antibodies, perform many crucial roles in living organisms
- enzymes catalyse biological reactions
- haemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood
- antibodies play a crucial role in our immune systems
- bonds, called peptide links, form between the amine and carboxyl groups of amino acids, this produces polypeptides
- when one or more polypeptides becomes associated, a macromolecule called a protein is formed
- such as enzymes, haemoglobin, and antibodies, perform many crucial roles in living organisms
- DNA
- stands for deoxyribonnucleic acid
- encodes (produces) the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of living organisms and viruses
- most DNA molecules are made up of 2 polymer chains arranged in the form of a double helix
- the polymers are made from monomers known as nucleotides
- each nucleotide contains one of the following 4 nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
- stands for deoxyribonnucleic acid
- naturally occurring polymers
- polymers, such as DNA, occur in nature and can be extracted
- other naturally occurring polymers that are important for life include: starch and cellulose
- sugars are the monomers that combine to give starch and cellulose
- all of these molecules fall into the category of carbohydrates
- amino acids are the monomers that combine to give proteins
- other naturally occurring polymers that are important for life include: starch and cellulose
- polymers, such as DNA, occur in nature and can be extracted
- addition polymerisation
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