Cardiovascular System Key Words
- Created by: elise.richmond
- Created on: 25-03-17 13:21
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- cardiovascular system- key words
- Myogenic
- Neural Control Mechanism
- Involves the SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC nervous systems
- Sympathetic nervous system: stimulates heart to beat faster
- Parasympathetic system: decreases heart rate, often back to resting
- Medulla Oblongata: where the cardiac control system is located, it helps to regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel functions. Also sends messages to the brain
- Chemoreceptors: detect changes in the blood acidity caused my carbon dioxide increase/decrease. Send message to M.O. to increase heart rate.
- Baoreceptors: respond to stretches in artery wall caused by b.p. change. If b.p. increases/decreases over set point , baroreceptors send messages for heart rate to increase/decrease to fix this.
- Proprioceptors: provide info about movement and body position. Detect increase in muscle movement when exercise starts and send impulses for heart rate to increase.
- Involves the SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC nervous systems
- Venous Return
- Volume of blood returning of blood returning to the heart via the veins
- Stroke Volume
- Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in one contraction
- Myocardium
- contractibility of cardiac tissue. The greater contractibility of the tissue, the greater the force of contraction which increases stroke volume.
- Cardiac Output
- Volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles per minute
- Cardiac Hypertrophy
- Thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so its bigger and stronger- enables more blood to be pumped out of the heart.
- Bradycardia
- Decrease in resting heart rate to below 60bpm
- Heart Disease terms
- Atherosclerosis
- Occurs when arteries become blocked and narrow due to a build up of fatty diposits
- Atheroma
- fatty diposits that block up the artery wall
- Angina
- chest pains occurring when blood supply from the coronary arteries to the heart is restricted
- Atherosclerosis
- Cardiovascular Drift
- During steady state exercise (athlete meets oxygen demand w/ oxygen supply) heart rate will slowly increase
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- Skeletal Muscle Pump
- muscles contracting and relaxing change shape and press on veins to cause pumping effect that squeezes blood towards the heart
- Respiratory Pump
- muscle contraction and relaxation causes pressure changes- which compress on veins and assist blood returning to heart
- Pocket Valves
- Prevent backflow of blood by closing once the blood has passed through them
- Transportation of oxygen
- Haemoglobin
- iron containing pigment found in red blood cells that combines with oxygen
- Myoglobin
- found in slow twitch fibres, it has a high attraction to oxygen. Stores oxygen in muscle fibres so it can be used quickly in exercise
- Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouse of cell respiration as energy production occurs there
- Haemoglobin
- Bohr Shift
- (shift to the right) when theres an increase in blood CO2 and a decrease in pH, it results in a reduction of the attraction between haemoglobin for oxygen
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