Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems
- Created by: Jodiepedder
- Created on: 28-11-17 22:03
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- Cardiovascular and respiratory systems
- The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated back to heart
- The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood to the body and oxygenated back to the heart
- The Conduction system
- Myogenic - It can create its own electrical impulses
- Its a set of 5 structures which pass the electrical impulses though the cardiac cycle in a co-ordinated way
- 1) SA node
- 2) AV node
- 3) Bundle of his
- 4) Bundle branches
- 5) Purkyne fibres
- 4) Bundle branches
- 3) Bundle of his
- 2) AV node
- How the conduction system controls the cardiac cycle
- 1) atrial diastole = atria fill with blood during atrial diastole (relaxation phase)
- 2) ventricular diastole = pressure builds in the atria and blood travels passively into the ventricles (relaxation)
- 3) SA node = sends an impulse
- 4) atrial systole = the impulse spreads across atria causing contraction of both atria
- 5) remaining blood = this causes the remaining blood in the atria to be pushed into the ventricles
- 6) AV node = the impulse reached the AV node
- 7) bundle of his = the impulse is distributed down the BOH
- 6) AV node = the impulse reached the AV node
- 5) remaining blood = this causes the remaining blood in the atria to be pushed into the ventricles
- 4) atrial systole = the impulse spreads across atria causing contraction of both atria
- 3) SA node = sends an impulse
- 2) ventricular diastole = pressure builds in the atria and blood travels passively into the ventricles (relaxation)
- 1) atrial diastole = atria fill with blood during atrial diastole (relaxation phase)
- HR, SV & Q
- Heart rate = the number of times the heart beats per min
- Resting value = 72BPM
- Stroke Volume = volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
- Resting value = 70ML
- HR x SV = Q
- Resting value = 72BPM
- Cardiac output = the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per minute
- Resting value = 5L/min
- HR x SV = Q
- Heart rate = the number of times the heart beats per min
- Heart Rate Regulation
- When the heart rate of a person needs to increase or decrease the brain gets involved
- The ANS regulated heart rate
- From the medulla oblongata in the brain, the CCC recieves info from the sensory nerves and sends direction through motor nerved to change HR
- There are 3 main sources of info that can determine the action of the CCC
- 1) neural control = chemo-receptors inform the CCC of chemical changes. e.g. CO2 & lactic acid
- 2) intrinsic control = temperature changes will affect the thickness of the blood
- 3) hormonal control = adrenaline is released from adrenal glands increasing force of ventricular contraction
- Parasympathetic = decreasing HR
- Sympathetic = increasing HR
- Parasympathetic = decreasing HR
- 3) hormonal control = adrenaline is released from adrenal glands increasing force of ventricular contraction
- 2) intrinsic control = temperature changes will affect the thickness of the blood
- 1) neural control = chemo-receptors inform the CCC of chemical changes. e.g. CO2 & lactic acid
- There are 3 main sources of info that can determine the action of the CCC
- From the medulla oblongata in the brain, the CCC recieves info from the sensory nerves and sends direction through motor nerved to change HR
- The ANS regulated heart rate
- When the heart rate of a person needs to increase or decrease the brain gets involved
- Venous return mechanisms
- Venous return = return of blood back to heart
- Mechanisms of venous return
- Pocket valves = one way valves located in the veins which prevent the back flow of blood
- Smooth muscle = the layer of muscle in the vein wall venoconstrics to create venomotor tone aids the movement of blood
- Gravity = blood from the upper body, above the heart, is helped to return by gravity
- Muscle pump = during exercise, skeletal muscles contract compressing the veins located between them, squeezing blood out
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