Biological Approach to Smoking and Gambling
- Created by: chloe pullin
- Created on: 11-02-16 11:57
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- Biological Approach to Smoking and Gambling
- Gambling
- Intitiation
- Role of Genetics
- Pathological gambling runs in families
- Twin study by Shah et al
- found evidence of genetic transmission of gambling in men
- Black et al
- first degree relatives of Pathological gamblers more likely o suffer than distant
- Demonstrates genetic link
- first degree relatives of Pathological gamblers more likely o suffer than distant
- A02
- Genetics can explain indvidual diffrences
- explains why two people who have same enviroment only one may develop
- some are more vulnerable because of genetic predisposition (Diathesis-stress model)
- explains why two people who have same enviroment only one may develop
- ignore environmental factors
- ignores importance of external factors (peer pressure)
- biological plus external
- Genetics can explain indvidual diffrences
- Role of Genetics
- Maintenance
- The pituitary - adrenal response
- pathological gambling associated with an underactive pituatry adernal response
- Paris et al
- no cortisol increase in pathological gamblers
- before and after video of preferred gambling
- no cortisol increase in pathological gamblers
- A02
- explanatory limitations
- cant explain why some types of gambling iis more addictive than others
- Breen and Zimmerman
- 1 year to become addicted to online gambling
- 3 years for horse racing
- reductionist
- complex phenoman of gambling down to just genes
- good because shows family history of addiction
- bad because it ignores other potential influences (social context)
- complex phenoman of gambling down to just genes
- explanatory limitations
- Sensation - seeking
- zuckerman
- claimed that there are individual differences in need for optimal stimulation
- high sensation seekers have a lower appreciation of risk
- seek arousal as more positive then low sensations -seekers so are more likely to gamble
- A02
- Research evidence
- Bonnaire er al
- pathological gamblers who ber at race tracks had higer scores on sensation scores then whose at café games
- concluded two subgroups of gamblers
- (racetrack) excitement
- (café game) avoid boredom
- concluded two subgroups of gamblers
- pathological gamblers who ber at race tracks had higer scores on sensation scores then whose at café games
- Bonnaire er al
- Research evidence
- zuckerman
- The pituitary - adrenal response
- Relapse
- Boredom aviodance
- Blazzcynski et al
- found poor toletance for boredom may lead to repetitive gambling
- pathological gamblers had higher boredom proneness scores than control gruop
- no change between types of gambling
- found poor toletance for boredom may lead to repetitive gambling
- Blazzcynski et al
- Boredom aviodance
- Intitiation
- Smoking
- Initiation
- role of genetics
- Family and twin studies estimate heritability of tobacco smoking between 39% and 80%
- Vink et al
- individual differences in smoking initiation
- 44% genetic
- 56% environment
- individual differences in smoking initiation
- Boardman et al
- identical twins and same sex fraternal twins estimate heritability for regular smoking 42%
- A02
- effectiveness of medication moderated by genetics
- smokers with Asp40 variant of the mu-opioid gene are 2x likely to quit smoking with nicotine therapy replacement
- smokers with more common Asn40 variant are equally likely to stop smoking regardless of NRT
- genetic testing might allow appropriate cessation therapy to maximize likelihood of quitting successfully
- effectiveness of medication moderated by genetics
- role of genetics
- maintenance
- effects of nicotine
- Vink et al
- regular tobacco use is linked to individual differences
- Nicotine causes release of dopamine, which creates short lived feelings of pleasure
- repeated toa avoid withdrawl
- Vink et al
- prenatal exposure to nicotine
- effects of nicotine
- Relapse
- xian et al
- found 54% for quit failure is attributed to heraitability
- research has attempted to identify specific gene clusters associates with quit success and nicotine dependence
- aim of matching specific anti smoking tratments
- A02
- genetic approach has implications for treatment
- those at higher genetic risk for addiction should change behavior
- screening is unlikely as not enough is known about link
- those at higher genetic risk for addiction should change behavior
- genetic approach has implications for treatment
- xian et al
- Initiation
- Gambling
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