Biology (B7) - General Revision
Doesn't go into detail about ecosystems or genetic modification, but has eveything else
- Created by: Hannah
- Created on: 11-06-13 16:59
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- Biology (B7)
- Control
- Controlling body temperature
- 37'C is ideal
- Temperature receptors
- Hypothalmus triggers effectors
- Effectors respond and counteract change
- Too cold...
- Blood vessels close to skin get smaller (vasoconstriction) Less blood gets to skin surface, stops blood losing heat to surroundings.
- Shivering happens when muscles contract rapidly. Increases rate of respiration and warms tissue surrounding muscles.
- Blood vessels close to skin get smaller (vasoconstriction) Less blood gets to skin surface, stops blood losing heat to surroundings.
- Too hot...
- Blood vessels close to skin get bigger (vasodilation) More blood gets to skin surface. Warm blood loses more heat to surroundings.
- Sweat glands produce more sweat. Water in sweat evaporates, cooling body. If you're dehydrated you produce less sweat, so body temp increases.
- Blood vessels close to skin get bigger (vasodilation) More blood gets to skin surface. Warm blood loses more heat to surroundings.
- Too cold...
- Effectors respond and counteract change
- Hypothalmus triggers effectors
- Controlled blood sugar
- Diabetes Type 1
- Happens when the pancreas stops producing insulin. This leads to high blood pressure.It's controlled by insulin injections at mealtimes. Dosage is very important.
- Simple sugars cause blood sugar level to rise rapidly
- Pancreas releases insulin
- Sugar is removed from the blood
- Blood sugar levels fall
- Sugar is removed from the blood
- Pancreas releases insulin
- Diabetes Type 2
- Late onset diabetes. Is caused by poor diet or being obese increases risk. Body no longer responds to its own insulin. Blood pressure rises as a result. It is controlled by a careful diet and controlled exercise.
- High in fibre foods and complex carbohydrate help type 2. Blood sugar level rises slowly.
- Late onset diabetes. Is caused by poor diet or being obese increases risk. Body no longer responds to its own insulin. Blood pressure rises as a result. It is controlled by a careful diet and controlled exercise.
- Diabetes Type 1
- Controlling body temperature
- Human Body
- Exercise
- Injury
- Sprains
- When a ligament has been stretched too much. Causes damage and pain. requires RICE treatment.
- Torn Ligaments
- When the ligament tears, Will lead to loss of control of joint because bones are no longer attached properly.
- Torn Tendons
- A tear in the tendons that attaches muscle to it's bone. When a muscle contracts one way, but is being pulled in a different direction.
- Dislocations
- When a bone comes out of its socket. It causes severe pain.
- Sprains
- Increases Fitness
- Heart rate a blood pressure increase during exercise
- Time for heart rate to get back to normal is called the 'recovery period'
- BMI = Body Mass (kg) / Height" (m")
- Proportion of body fat (%). As fitness increases, percentage lowers
- Background Information Required...
- Health Problems
- E.g. high blood pressure
- Lifestyle Factors
- Cut down on smoking or drinking
- Family History
- Illness can be hereditary. Important to know
- Current Medication
- Medication may affect ability
- Physical Activity
- Ensure course is challenging
- Fitness Treatments
- Know what has or hasn't worked before
- Health Problems
- Injury
- Skeleton
- Supports body and allows movement
- Bones and muscles are attached by tendons. Muscles move bones at joints by contracting.
- Tendons don't stretch a lot, so contracting muscles pull on the tendons and bend the bone.
- Muscles work in antagonistic pairs.
- Tendons don't stretch a lot, so contracting muscles pull on the tendons and bend the bone.
- Bones and muscles are attached by tendons. Muscles move bones at joints by contracting.
- Supports body and allows movement
- Blood
- Fluid made up of...
- White Blood Cells
- Fights infection by protecting body against attack from micro-organisms.
- Plasma
- Carries nutrients (glucose and amino acids), antibodies, hormones and waste (CO2 and urea).
- Platelets
- Small fragments of cells that clot the blood at site of a wound.
- Red Blood Cells
- Transport oxygen. No nucleus. Packed with haemoglobin which binds with oxygen. Biconcave shape for a larger surface area.
- White Blood Cells
- Double Circulatory System... The first pumps de oxygenated blood to the lungs. The second pumps oxygenated blood to body and then back to the lungs.
- Fluid made up of...
- Chemical Exchange
- Chemicals diffuse through partially permeable membrane
- Exercise
- Technology
- Industrial use of micro-organisms
- Products
- Antibiotics
- Food
- From fungi
- Biofuels
- Yeast = ethanol
- Micro-organisms = biogas
- Enzymes
- Washing powder
- Making food
- Products
- Industrial use of micro-organisms
- Ecosystems
- Closed-loop system
- There are no outputs or inputs.
- Photosynthesis and Respiration: oxygen and CO2 reused.
- No ecosystem is perfect because some outputs are always lost.
- There are no outputs or inputs.
- Open-loop system
- There are outputs and inputs.
- Closed-loop system
- Control
- What Happens?!?!
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