Atomic Structure
- Created by: AnushaK
- Created on: 10-02-14 17:19
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- Atomic Structure
- Relative atomic mass - average mass of isotope compared with atom of c-12
- Relative molecular mass = molar mass
- Mass Spectrometer
- 1. High temp, sample vaporised , (g) state
- 2. E- beam ionises gas atoms
- 3. Electric field - acclerate ions
- 4. Velocity selector - all ions have same velocity
- 5. Magnetic Field - deflecting ions
- 6. Detection
- Mass Spectrum
- Species are X^+ - X^+
- Ar = (1st isotope X %) + (2nd isotope X %)
- Carbon Dating
- Depends on C-14
- Half life of C-14 used to approximate age
- Thomson's Plum Pudding Model
- Atoms no charge, +ve charge in atom and -ve charge e- cancel out.
- Sphere of +ve charge with e- embedded inside it
- Ionisation Energies
- Complete removal of e-
- endothermic process - work done on e-, overcome attractive force between nucleus and e-
- Amount of energy needed to remove and e-
- 1st I.E = energy, 1 mole of e-, 1 mole of (g) atoms, form i mole of +ve ions.
- Subshells
- S, P, D & F
- Shell1 - closest to nucleus, most energy to remove e-
- s(lowest energy) < p < d
- S, P, D & F
- Electron Spin
- Orbital
- # E- not same spin #Only 2 e- per orbital with opposite spin
- Orbital
- Electron Density maps
- Electron cloud - e- spread around nucleus like a cloud
- Shows shapes of areas of space of where e- is likely to be
- Orbital - region where probability of finding an e- is greatest - e- can also be somewhere else altogether
- Interpreting E.D maps e.g. 1s orbital most likely in sphere close to nucleus
- Nodes - where e- wave has 0 amplitude + E- Density is zero = no e- there
- P orbital - dumbell shaped + 90^ to each other in xyz axis, each p orbital has node at nucleus of atom.
- Periodic Table
- Modern Periodic law: properties of elements are function of their atomic no.s
- S block - outer e- in s subshells and so on for p,d and f blocks
- Group 8 - electronic structures with full subshells, high i.e = stable electronic configuration
- P orbital - dumbell shaped + 90^ to each other in xyz axis, each p orbital has node at nucleus of atom.
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