Atomic structure and the periodic table
- Created by: isaacwiggans
- Created on: 19-03-19 14:40
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- Atomic structure and the periodic table
- Protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Relative charges and masses
- Proton: Charge: +1 Mass: 1 Location: nucleous
- Neutron: Charge: 0 Mass: 1 Location: nucleous
- Electron: Charge: -1 Mass: 0 Location: Electron shells
- Proton number (atomic number): The number of protons and neutrons of an atom
- Nucleous number (mass number): The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleous of an atom
- Relative charges and masses
- The periodic table
- Elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. Order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass. The rows are called periods.
- Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but a different nucleon number
- Isotopes can be radioactive and non-radioactive
- Radiactive uses
- Medical radioactive use: To make medicine
- Industrial radiactive use: to manufacture plastic film
- Radiactive uses
- Isotopes still have the same properties as their element because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
- Electron shells
- Electrons build up in shells
- The Noble gases (group 8/0) have a full outer electron shell. This makes them unreactive as they don't have to gain/lose electrons to have a full outer shell
- Electrons build up in shells
- The structure of matter
- Element: Elements are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down using chemical reactions.
- Mixture: A mixture contains two or more substances. that have not reacted chemically with each other
- Compounds: A compound contains atoms of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together
- Alloy: A mixture of a metal with other elements
- Ionic bonds
- Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
- Ionic compund lattice structure: A regular arrangement of alternating posotive and negative ions
- Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
- Protons, neutrons, and electrons
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