Carbonyls
- Created by: Anjuli.pxtel
- Created on: 11-05-21 15:24
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- Arenes
- Benzene
- C6H6 C=C Bond
- Physical properties
- Insoluble in water
- Boiling temperature 80C
- Kekule structure
- Each carbon is bonded to a hydrogen
- Reactions
- Hydrogenation in the presence of nickel catalyst
- Burns in air producing smoky flame
- Benzene and bromine heated under reflux in presence of catalyst, halogen carrier
- Friedel-crafts
- Form C-C bonds in organic synthesis
- Carried out by refluxing benzene with a halogen carrier and halogenalkane or acyl chloride
- Put Alkyl group onto benzene ring using halogenalkane and hydrogen carrier
- Phenylketones are produced by refluxing benzene with acyl chloride
- Phenols
- benzene rings attached to -OH group
- Undergoes electrophilic subsitiution
- One of the lone pairs of electrons in the p-orbital of oxygen atom overlaps the delocalised pi-bonds in benzene rings
- The lone pair of electrons from the oxygen is particularly delocalised into the pi-system
- benzene rings attached to -OH group
- Aldehydes and Ketones
- Contain carbonyl compounds with functional group C=O
- Carbonyl compound is an aldehyde with hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group
- Carbonyl compound is a ketone with hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group
- No O-H bonds so not polar, cannot form hydrogen bonds
- Lower boiling point than other alcohols
- Forms hydrogen bonds with water
- Aldehydes can be reduced into primary alcohols
- Ketones cane reduced into secondary alcohols
- Aldehydes have carbonyl group at the end of carbon chain
- Ketones have carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain
- Benzene
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