A2 P.E Physiology 1
- Created by: Joshua Jackson
- Created on: 14-04-14 10:45
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- A2 P.E Physiology
- Energy Systems
- Types
- ATP 2 seconds
- ATP-PC 10 SECONDS mAX POWER ANEROBIC
- Lactic Acid System - under 1 minute -glycogen, aerobic high energy
- Aerobic - last indefinitely GHO, fat and protein
- CHO, Glucose Transport
- regulated by insulin
- glycogen stored in the muscle and liver
- 90 minutes of use
- Fat triglycerides fatty acids and glycerol
- stored in muscle and adipose tissue
- Protein tissue structure and repair
- not stored as fuel but used in endurance exercise
- Creatie Loading
- NOT BANNED increases muscle PC stores used by stength and power atheres
- Types
- Hydration
- 1% body weight loss =5% performance loss
- 5% body loss = cant complete exercise
- lose not just water but electrolytes, sodium and potassium
- Normal water will stop dehydration but not replace electrolytes and CHO instonic balance within body
- Hypotoxic
- less than body
- get in quicker but need more of them
- Hypertonic
- more than body
- Take longer but give greater improvements to endurance athletes
- 1% body weight loss =5% performance loss
- Acclimatization
- Temp, humidity, altitude, pollution, prevailing winds and playing surfaces
- Heat
- Humid heat do not sweat as well an body over heats
- Dry heat sweat a lot so body dehydrates
- illness
- Cramp due to electrolyte loss
- Heat syncope (fainting)
- Heat exhaustion (vague lots of symptoms)
- 14 days to adapt- the higher your VO2 the quicker you acclimatize
- More plasma - improved CV system, reduced HR and better vascular shunt more blood to skin and working muscle, sweat earlier
- Altitude
- every 1000m above see level = drop in VO2 of 5-7%
- les partial pressure of o2
- Training methods
- LHTH live high train high
- LHTL live high train low
- showed only imprvemnts for endurance athletes
- LLTH live low train high
- Increase in EPO(RBC) only happens whilst high and takes 3 months for max benefit
- increases vascularization and mitochondria /myoglobin remain high afterwards
- every 1000m above see level = drop in VO2 of 5-7%
- Periodisation
- 8 make 1 mesocycle- 8 mesocycles make 1 macrocycle
- Aerobic training benefits
- increase in
- Stroke Volume= more blood pumped out of ventricle in one beat
- Cardiac Output= volume of blood pumped out of heart in 1 min is more
- Vascularisation= growth of blood vessels increasing oxygen supply
- Number of RBCs= more oxygen can be delivered to muscles
- Cardiac Hypertrophy= thickening of heart walls increasing hearts power
- end systolic volume = higher volume of blood left in ventricles after contractions
- mitochondrial density= train or compete for longer and faster
- mitochondrial size= more energy produced as more o2 can be supplied
- myoglobin levels= more o2 received from RBC and transported to mitochondria cells
- hyaline cartilage thickness= more support given to working muscles and connections between ribs and sternum
- muscle tone
- ability to use fat as fuel
- Decrease in
- Body Fat
- Resting HR
- increase in
- Anaerobic training benefits
- Increase in
- capacity for cardiac hypertrophy = heart gets stronger and bigger and still same amount of blood enters heart
- End systolic volume
- strength in ventricular contraction= volume of blood pumped out of heart is higher
- Bradycardia= lower resting HR
- VO2 MAX= maximum rate of oxygen consumption is higher
- ability to work longer at VO2 MAX
- capacity to tolerate /utilise/ buffer and transport lactic acs
- decrease in
- end systolic volume
- Body fate levels = due to elevated metabolic rate after exercise
- Increase in
- Anaerobic Threshold
- OBLA point reaches level where lactic acid is being created faster than it can be removed
- 4mmol
- OBLA point reaches level where lactic acid is being created faster than it can be removed
- Borg Scale
- 15 point scale between 20% effort and 100%
- based on HR but really is just perceived exertipn
- 15 point scale between 20% effort and 100%
- Karvonen Scale formula for optimal training HR
- HHR= MHR-RHR
- Heart rate reserves
- Max heart rate (220-age)
- resting hear rate
- Then multiply the answer by the percentage training intensity E.G. 60% x 0.6 then add your RHR to get your training HR
- HHR= MHR-RHR
- Energy Systems
- Types
- ATP 2 seconds
- ATP-PC 10 SECONDS mAX POWER ANEROBIC
- Lactic Acid System - under 1 minute -glycogen, aerobic high energy
- Aerobic - last indefinitely GHO, fat and protein
- Vascularisation= growth of blood vessels increasing oxygen supply
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