A-Level Geography - Human - Globalisation
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 05-04-22 13:27
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- Globalisation
- Factors promoting Globalisation
- Flows of Product
- Manufacturing has decreased in HICs and moved abroad
- People in manufacturing jobs fell in the UK from 5 million to 2.6 million from 1985 to 2014
- Dyson moved factories to Malaysia in 2002
- International trade in manufactured goods is increasing, making the world interconnected
- UK imports went from £200 billion to £550 billion from 1990 to 2008
- Manufacturing has decreased in HICs and moved abroad
- Flows of Capital
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased from $400 billion to $1500 billion from 1996 to 2016
- ICT has encouraged flows of capital across the world with instant transport via the internet
- Made countries more dependent on flows of investment to/from them
- Flows of Services
- Marketing is globalised and uses international strategies to advertise products
- Global products (Coca-Cola) rely on a common global brand to be instantly recognisable
- During the 1970s/80s, deregulation made it easier for banks to do business in other countries
- Many banks now are huge international organisations, connecting the world
- Marketing is globalised and uses international strategies to advertise products
- Flows of Information
- Email, the Internet and Social Media allows instantaneous communication and spreading of information
- Increasing flows of information make the world more interconnected
- People from different countries can work together
- Flows of Labour
- More people are moving overseas, either because of forced movement (conflicts) or for work reasons
- International migration has increased over 40% from 2000 to 2015
- High speed rail networks (HS1), international airport hubs (Dubai International Airport) and containerisation has revolutionised travel
- More people are moving overseas, either because of forced movement (conflicts) or for work reasons
- Flows of Product
- Factors affecting Globalisation
- Transport and Communication
- A global transport network allows the movement of people and goods across vast distances
- Diseases can spread easier - the first COVID case in the UK was after a month after the first COVID case in China
- Containerisation, introduced in the 1950s, allowed a uniform system to transport goods quickly and cheaply
- Optic fibre cables allows fast communication between two devices, along with a growth in software that allows free communication
- A global transport network allows the movement of people and goods across vast distances
- Trade Agreements
- The World Trade Organisation oversees over 97% of world trade, and the WTO agreement is over 26,000 pages long
- Countries can agree to trade agreements, lowering controls of trade between each country to benefit them all
- Management and Information
- Supply chains have become global - a company's supplier may be in a different country, which minimises costs
- Outsourcing a company's work can save costs, like with outsourcing tech support from the UK to India
- Financial Systems
- Information technology has made investors greater access to information, allowing them to make informed decisions
- Banks and financial services operate across the world,with transmission systems that allow flows of money
- The 2007 collapse of US house prices led to a credit squeeze, then a global banking crisis in 2008
- Security
- National boundaries have become less of a barrier to more mobile and better informed populations
- Cybersecurity has become a greater prominence due to reliance on information systems
- In the UK, average cost for most severe online breaches start at £1.5 million
- Transport and Communication
- Factors promoting Globalisation
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