a-level biology mind map
- Created by: olikla
- Created on: 03-06-20 17:08
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- biology
- Cell structure
- Structure of eukaryotic cells
- Structure of prokaryotic cells and of viruses
- Methods of studying cells
- All cells arise from other cells
- Transport across cell membranes
- Cell recognition and the immune system
- Biological molecules
- Monomers and polymers
- carbohydrate
- Lipids
- Proteins
- General properties of proteins
- Many proteins are enzymes
- Nucleic acids are important information-carrying molecules
- Structure of DNA and RNA
- DNA replication
- adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Water
- Inorganic ions
- Organisms exchange substances with their environment
- Surface area to volume ratio
- Gas exchange
- Digestion and absorption
- Mass transport
- Mass transport in animals
- Mass transport in plants
- Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms
- DNA, genes and chromosomes
- DNA and protein synthesis
- Genetic diversity can arise as a result of mutation or during meiosis
- Genetic diversity and adaptation
- Species and taxonomy
- Biodiversity within a community
- Investigating diversity
- Energy transfers in and between organisms
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Energy and ecosystems
- Nutrient cycles
- Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments
- Stimuli, both internal and external, are detected and lead to a response
- Survival and response
- Receptors
- Control of heart rate
- Nervous coordination
- Nerve impulses
- Synaptic transmission
- Skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract by nerves and act as effectors
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment
- Principles of homeostasis and negative feedback
- Control of blood glucose concentration
- Control of blood water potential
- Stimuli, both internal and external, are detected and lead to a response
- Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems
- Inheritance
- Populations
- Evolution may lead to speciation
- Populations in ecosystems
- The control of gene expression
- Alteration of the sequence of bases in DNA can alter the structure of proteins
- Gene expression is controlled by a number of features
- Most of a cell’s DNA is not translated
- Regulation of transcription and translation
- Gene expression and cancer
- Using genome projects
- Gene technologies allow the study and alteration of gene function allowing a better understanding of organism function and the design of new industrial and medical processes
- Recombinant DNA technology
- Differences in DNA between individuals of the same species can be exploited for identification and diagnosis of heritable conditions
- Genetic fingerprinting
- Cell structure
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