4.1.1 basic concepts/key terms mindmap

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Created on: 26-02-22 10:36

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basics and hydrocarbons
- formulas
  - structural formula
    - the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
  - displayed formula
    - the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
  - skeletal formula
    - the simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains
      - leaving carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
  - general formual
    - the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
- homologous series
  - a series of organic compounds with the same functional group
    - where each successive member differs by CH2
    - functional group
      - a group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of that compound
- philes
  - nucleophile
    - an electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons
  - electrophile
    - a species that accepts a pair of electrons
      - (is attracted to a region of high electron density)
- basics
  - aliphatic
    - a compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined in straight chains
  - alicyclic
    - an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings
  - aromatic
    - a compound containing a benzene ring
  - hydrocarbon
    - a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
- isomers
  - structural isomers
    - compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
  - stereoisomer
    - compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space
- fission
  - homolytic
    - covalent bond breaks equally
      - each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons
        radical formed
        an atom with an unpaired electron
  - heterolytic
    - covalent bond breaks unequally
      - one of the bonded atoms receives both electrons from shared pair
        forms cation and anion

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4.1.1 basic concepts/key terms mindmap

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