3A: the periodic table
- Created by: Strelly22
- Created on: 18-02-21 09:25
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- 3A: the Periodic Table
- Perodic Table
- Group
- a vertical column in the periodic table
- have similar chemical properties
- have same number of valence electrons
- Period
- a horizontal row in the periodic table
- elements show trends in properties across a period
- Group
- Periodicity
- the regular repeating pattern in properties of the elements across different periods
- FIE
- the energy required to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms (to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ atoms)
- increase across period
- decrease down group
- between 2 and 3 and 5 and 6 don't follow rules
- MP
- Increase group 1 to 4, peak at 4, 5 to 8 are much lower
- electrical conductivity
- only metals have any conductivity as they need delocalised electrons
- Atomic radius
- general decrease across period
- period 3 greater than period 2
- nuclear charge increase across period
- nuclear attraction increases across period
- very little effect on shielding
- increase down group
- Group 2 Reactions
- metal + oxygen ? metal oxide
- metal + water ? metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- metal + acid ? salt + hydrogen
- when looking at reactivity, look at FIE + 2IE as 2 electrons need to be removed to show energy for reactivity
- metal oxide + water ? metal hydroxide
- trends in hydroxides
- solubility increases as go down
- more soluble = more alkaline
- alkalinity increases as go down group
- pH increases as go down group
- solubility increases as go down
- Properties of Halogens (all move down)
- Cl
- gas, green RTP
- toxic
- strongest bonding
- Br
- liquid, brown (with orange vapour) RTP
- toxic and corrosive
- I
- solid, grey RTP
- toxic vapour formed when heated
- bp increase
- higher bp = more energy required
- stronger attractions = higher bp
- covalent bonded diatomic molecules with simple molecular structure. London forces
- boiled , attractions between molecules broken, with molecules, nothing
- atomic radius increase
- Cl
- Halogen Reactions
- Displacement reactions
- Cl
- water: very pale green (colourless)
- hexane: pale green
- Br
- water: orange
- hexane: orange
- I
- water: orange
- hexane: purple
- all the ions colourless in both
- Eg: Cl2 + 2Br- ? Br2 + 2Cl-
- Cl
- Disproportion reactions
- the oxidation and reduction of the same element in a redox reaction
- Cl2 + H2O ? HClO + HCl
- Cl2 + 2NaOH ? NaClO + NaCl + H2O
- Displacement reactions
- Perodic Table
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