18 - Nazi Policies towards the Jews 1933-37
- Created by: Becca Newman
- Created on: 02-03-20 17:32
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- Nazi Policies towards the Jews 1933-37
- The Boycott of Jewish Shops
- Imposed on 1 April 1933
- Hitler claimed it was in retaliation of Jews abroad who boycotted German products
- SA carried out a propaganda campaign to promote it
- They stood menacingly outside Jewish businesses
- The boycott applied to lawyers and doctors as well
- Doctors, lawyers + teachers were subjected to rough treatment by the SA
- Many businesses were half-Jewish half-German
- Many citizens used Jewish businesses in defiance
- Boycott was abandoned after 1 day
- Hitler wanted to control the SA + concerned about public and foreign opinion
- He had allowed the boycott grudgingly to radicalists
- Hitler wanted a 'legal revolution' and wanted to use only a certain amount of intimidation
- Imposed on 1 April 1933
- Hitler emphasised legality in Jewish persecution
- A relentless propaganda campaign was launched to re-educate Germans
- 1933 Civil Service Laws
- April 1933 Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
- Jews were dismissed from the CS
- There was no scientific definition of who was or wasn't Jewish
- Under the 1933 law people were Jewish if either their parents or grandparents were Jews
- Hindenburg insisted on exemptions for Jews who served in WW1
- Or for those whose fathers had been killed in WW1
- Hindenburg insisted on exemptions for Jews who served in WW1
- Under the 1933 law people were Jewish if either their parents or grandparents were Jews
- Hitler accepted these exemptions until after Hindenburg's death
- This law had a bad economic psychological impact on Germany
- In 1933 37,000 Jews left Germany
- April 1933 Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
- Further anti-Semitic legislation in 1933
- These measures were not as effective as hoped
- Because those who fought in WW1 were exempt + not all Jews in medicine, the law and education could be removed at once
- The Legal profession
- Jewish lawyers were 16% of Germany's legal profession
- In 1933 60% of non-Aryan lawyers were allowed to continue working
- In the following years stricter legislation was introduced
- Doctors
- 10%+ of doctors were Jewish
- Nazi propaganda attacked them as a 'danger to society'
- Nazis introduced legislation at local level + started to remove some Jewish doctors from their posts
- April 1933 the regime introduced a ban on Jewish doctors
- Theoretically Jewish doctors could only practice on Jews - but many continued practicing for years
- April 1933 the regime introduced a ban on Jewish doctors
- 10%+ of doctors were Jewish
- Education
- April 1933 Law against Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities
- Restricted the number of Jewish students in schools/unis
- Promoted on the basis that Aryan students were lacking inr esources
- Restricted the number of Jewish students in schools/unis
- Propaganda stressed that a 'well-educated Jew' was more threatening than a non-educated one
- The process of removing Jews wasn't completed until 1938
- Jews could still attend private education + Jewish schools
- These schools struggled for funding + maintaining academic standards
- Jews could still attend private education + Jewish schools
- Jewish uni professors felt the pressure + some lost their jobs
- April 1933 Law against Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities
- The Press
- October 1933 The Reich Press Law
- Allowed the regime to ensure strict censorship + close publications
- Jews had a prominent role in journalism
- The Press law effectively silenced them + many were forced to leave the cuntry
- October 1933 The Reich Press Law
- These measures were not as effective as hoped
- 1925 The Nuremberg Laws
- The Reich Citizenship Law meant Jews + non-Aryans were no longer German citizens
- The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour outlawed marriage and sexual relations between Aryans and non-Aryans
- These laws were announced at the annual party rally in Nuremberg
- Radical anti-Semitists pushed Hitler to end Jewish-Bolshevism
- The laws were later extended to include all Aryan/non-Aryan contact
- Aryan women were pressured to leave Jewish husbands
- Jewish men convicted were often re-arrested after release and sent to concentration camps
- First Supplementary Decree on the Reich Citizenship Law
- Defined that being a full Jew meant you had 3 Jewish grandparents or 2 and you were married to a Jew
- Half Jews were labelled 'Mischlinge'
- They led fairly normal lives, and could still be in the lower ranks of the army
- So Jews still had obligations to the State but no citizenship
- Documentary proof of ancestry was very important
- Some acquired false documents
- Discrimination
- Local intervention happened as well
- Jews banned from swimming pools; pubs/businneses didn't welcome Jews
- Nazi activists pushed for anti-Semitic legislation in localities
- However they often went along with it to please the activists rather than for anti-Semitic reasons
- Many Germans were embarrassed by overt discrimination
- eg. wouldn't leave a Jewish doctor or were appalled at the removal of Jewish literature
- Open opposition to discrimination was rare
- Local intervention happened as well
- The Boycott of Jewish Shops
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