1600s: religion
- Created by: ElizabethH2525
- Created on: 26-04-19 11:19
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- Religion during the 1600s
- Charles' reign
- 1625: England was a Confessional State
- Failure to attend CofE services treated as a crime
- Beliefs set out in the Book of Common Prayer
- Mostly linked to the Elizabethan Settlement
- But there were growing divisions within Anglicanism about the church's beliefs and practices
- Arminianism promoted rituals and formal ceremony
- Followed the Catholic belief in free will = can reject salvation
- Contrast: Puritans believe in predestination
- Followed the Catholic belief in free will = can reject salvation
- Arminianism promoted rituals and formal ceremony
- Laud and the Arminian threat 1625-40
- Laud was promoted Bishop of London in 1628 and then Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633
- London = largest bishoprick: large influence
- Arminian: wanted to impose religious uniformity on church services
- Moved the communion table to the east end of the church
- Vestments and incense were to be used in services
- Angered the Puritans because they stressed outward forms of worship
- Offended further by Laud's Book of Sports in 1633
- Allowed people to participate in traditional sports and pastimes on Sundays
- Puritans saw Sunday as a holy day of rest
- Allowed people to participate in traditional sports and pastimes on Sundays
- Some Puritans appeased by the reduction in the number of sermons
- Offended further by Laud's Book of Sports in 1633
- Angered the Puritans because they stressed outward forms of worship
- Hymns and sacred music were encouraged
- Angered the Puritans because they stressed outward forms of worship
- Offended further by Laud's Book of Sports in 1633
- Allowed people to participate in traditional sports and pastimes on Sundays
- Puritans saw Sunday as a holy day of rest
- Allowed people to participate in traditional sports and pastimes on Sundays
- Some Puritans appeased by the reduction in the number of sermons
- Offended further by Laud's Book of Sports in 1633
- Angered the Puritans because they stressed outward forms of worship
- Stained glass windows were to be insalled
- Many accepted Laud's demands as they imposed fewer demands on those who attended Sunday services
- Imposition of Laudianism
- Visitations
- By the agents of bishops in their dioceses
- Personally reviewed by Laud and CI
- Use of church courts
- Court of High Commission
- Trial of Bastwick, Burton and Prynne
- Rejected by many of the gentry for disrupting the "middle way"
- Attacks on Laud became a key feature of the Long Parliament (1640)
- Symbolized shift from Protestant to Catholic practices
- Threatened security of the CofE
- Political concerns: promoted those from "humble beginnings" - seen as taking their positions
- Smuggled anti-Arminian texts from abroad and published attacks on the bishops
- Ears mutilated; imprisoned for life
- Controversial: punishments seen as too harsh in proportion to their offences
- Rejected by many of the gentry for disrupting the "middle way"
- Trial of Bastwick, Burton and Prynne
- Many unable to accept the changes: left for the American colonies
- Court of High Commission
- Rejected by many of the gentry for disrupting the "middle way"
- Attacks on Laud became a key feature of the Long Parliament (1640)
- Symbolized shift from Protestant to Catholic practices
- Threatened security of the CofE
- Political concerns: promoted those from "humble beginnings" - seen as taking their positions
- Visitations
- Before Laud
- 1624: Montagu's attack on Calvinist doctrine - A New Gag for an Old Goose
- 1626: Charles banned all discussion on sensitive religious doctrine: supported Arminian private worship over Puritan idea of preaching
- Laud was promoted Bishop of London in 1628 and then Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633
- From 1640 onwards
- Laud arrested = Arminianism gone
- Root and Branch Petition, December 1640
- Attempted to remove the bishops
- Abolition of episcopacy
- Supported by many in the City of London
- Related to religious grievances e.g. the feared encouragement of Catholicism
- 15,000 signatures
- Edward Hyde drew on widespread support to remove bishops from the PC and HOL
- Overall attempt failed: HOL didn't want to remove themselves
- Overall attempt failed: HOL didn't want to remove themselves
- Attempted to remove the bishops
- Introduction of Presbyterianism
- 1645: gov't formally resolved that the gov't of the church should be Presbyterian in form
- 1644: Westminster Assembly
- Wanted to establish a Presbyterian national Church
- 3rd January: presented with an Apologetical Narration
- Appealed to the right to establish independent churches outside the national establishment
- Rejected: would open the way to other such developments
- Appealed to the right to establish independent churches outside the national establishment
- 1646: resolutions confirming the collapse of episcopacy and commitment to a form of Presbyterianism
- A national Presbyterian Church ultimately failed
- Growth of radicalism
- 1625: England was a Confessional State
- The Restoration Church
- 1660: the Convention p'ment re-restablished the CofE
- 1660: restored bishops under the Worcester House Declaration
- Details left to the Savoy House Conference
- The Calaviers and bishops in the HOL ensured a high number of High Church Arminians were present
- Gilbert Sheldon determined to re-establish RE uniformity on a Laudian model and to abolish non-conformity
- 1663: became Archbishop of Canterbury
- Gilbert Sheldon determined to re-establish RE uniformity on a Laudian model and to abolish non-conformity
- May 1661: decisions about belief, the Book of Common Prayer and clergy demands left in the hands of HC Arminians
- The Calaviers and bishops in the HOL ensured a high number of High Church Arminians were present
- Hopeful of a flexible national Church
- 1662: Act of Uniformity
- Imposed formality, rituals, priestly robes and episcopal control
- So harsh: drove 1800 ministers of their livings
- Would have to re-accept ordination: suggested their previous ministry was invalid
- Would have to renounce the Covenant, to which they'd sword an oath of loyalty
- Would have to 100% accept the Prayer Book
- So harsh: drove 1800 ministers of their livings
- Restrictions on non-conformists
- Clarendon Code
- Corporation Act (1661)
- Conventicle Act (1664)
- First Conventicle Act had expired by 1667 = allowed dissent to grow again
- Five Mile Act (1665)
- Imposed formality, rituals, priestly robes and episcopal control
- The Interregnum and the Rump
- 1650: intense and widespread Conservative reaction
- Harsh Blasphemy Act (1650)
- Persecuted radicals
- Nayler case
- One of those sent on the "Mission to the South" by Fox
- 1656: seen riding a donkey into Bristol on Palm Sunday
- Seen as a re=enactment of Christ's journey into Jerusalem
- OC intervened: prevented him from being executed
- Harsh Blasphemy Act (1650)
- Existence of radical groups
- Mostly short lived, prone to interval dissent (aside from the Quakers)
- Widespread desire for the restoration of religious and social discipline
- Calvinist sects were able to meet
- OC's desrire for religious toleration
- Aim of a godly nation
- Existence of radical groups
- Mostly short lived, prone to interval dissent (aside from the Quakers)
- Widespread desire for the restoration of religious and social discipline
- Calvinist sects were able to meet
- Wanted to encourage a "reformation of manners" = living morally virtuous lives with God
- The Protectorate
- Those who met outside the Church were largely kept in peace so long as they were discreet
- Not harming others
- Quakers were seen to to so: excluded from the 1650 Toleration Act, along with Catholics
- Not harming others
- The Church was placed under control of the Triers and Ejectors
- Ensured its ministers were compotent, well-educated and able to preach the word of God
- Those who met outside the Church were largely kept in peace so long as they were discreet
- 1650: intense and widespread Conservative reaction
- Reigns of Charles II and James I
- Clarendon Code
- Corporation Act (1661)
- Conventicle Act (1664)
- First Conventicle Act had expired by 1667 = allowed dissent to grow again
- Five Mile Act (1665)
- 1662: CI attempts to suspend the AOU and issue a first DOI
- Defeated by bishops and Cavaliers
- Failed: strength of anti-Puritan sect in p'ment
- 1673-85: CII and Danby minimising the influence of Protestant disenters
- 1673: Danby = Lord Treasurer
- Allowed to renew persecutions of Protestant dissenters
- Strengthened royal and Anglican authority - Tory policies
- By 1685, the Anglican establishment was well and truly the Church of England (but not yet achieved the level of conformity desired)
- Strengthened royal and Anglican authority - Tory policies
- Used patronage to build up majorities in the HOC and HOL
- Strengthened royal and Anglican authority - Tory policies
- By 1685, the Anglican establishment was well and truly the Church of England (but not yet achieved the level of conformity desired)
- Strengthened royal and Anglican authority - Tory policies
- Allowed to renew persecutions of Protestant dissenters
- Remodelling of borough charters ensured Tory and Anglican control
- 1673: Danby = Lord Treasurer
- 1672: Second Declaration of Indulgence
- Tried to suspend persecuting laws and allowed dissenters to not attend Church whilst meeting with a license
- 1667: fall of Clarendon
- Establishment of the Cabal
- 2/5 = Catholic. 1 near atheist and 1 with associations to moderate Puritanism
- Establishment of the Cabal
- Establishment of dissent
- Sympathy
- Commitment
- Mistakes from enemies
- Clarendon Code
- Charles' reign
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